Question 1

Which of the following is a limitation of using stimulant medication to treat ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  These drugs cause a number of dangerous medical conditions. 
B)  Prolonged use results in extreme hyperactivity. 
C)  Drugs cannot teach children to compensate for inattention and impulsivity. 
D)  Children rapidly build a tolerance to these drugs. 
A)  These drugs cause a number of dangerous medical conditions. 
B)  Prolonged use results in extreme hyperactivity. 
C)  Drugs cannot teach children to compensate for inattention and impulsivity. 
D)  Children rapidly build a tolerance to these drugs.

Question 2

Research on eyewitness memory suggests that younger children are prone to memory errors because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely than older children to disagree with a yes-or-no question. 
B)  tend to report gist rather than verbatim information about their experiences. 
C)  have trouble recalling highly stressful events. 
D)  are especially poor at source-monitoring. 
A)  are more likely than older children to disagree with a yes-or-no question. 
B)  tend to report gist rather than verbatim information about their experiences. 
C)  have trouble recalling highly stressful events. 
D)  are especially poor at source-monitoring.

Question 3

According to research on scripts, both children and adults have difficulty recalling specific instances of __________ events.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-time 
B)  repeated 
C)  distinctive 
D)  unfamiliar 
A)  one-time 
B)  repeated 
C)  distinctive 
D)  unfamiliar

Question 4

Theory of mind research indicates that by age 3, children realize that

Accepted Answer

A)  doing well on a task depends on focusing attention. 
B)  a person reading a book or looking at pictures is thinking. 
C)  thinking takes place inside their heads. 
D)  if you "know" something you are more certain than if you "guessed." 
A)  doing well on a task depends on focusing attention. 
B)  a person reading a book or looking at pictures is thinking. 
C)  thinking takes place inside their heads. 
D)  if you "know" something you are more certain than if you "guessed."

Question 5

Frequent media multitaskers, who are accustomed to continuously shifting their attention between tasks,

Accepted Answer

A)  experience greater activity in the hippocampus, which plays a vital role in explicit memory. 
B)  experience no difficulty applying their learning to new problems. 
C)  have a harder time filtering out irrelevant stimuli when they are not multitasking. 
D)  have an easier time ignoring irrelevant stimuli when they are not multitasking. 
A)  experience greater activity in the hippocampus, which plays a vital role in explicit memory. 
B)  experience no difficulty applying their learning to new problems. 
C)  have a harder time filtering out irrelevant stimuli when they are not multitasking. 
D)  have an easier time ignoring irrelevant stimuli when they are not multitasking.

Question 6

Findings show that selective attention improves sharply between ages __________, with gains continuing into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 and 4 
B)  5 and 7 
C)  6 and 10 
D)  11 and 15 
A)  2 and 4 
B)  5 and 7 
C)  6 and 10 
D)  11 and 15

Question 7

Autobiographical memory emerges, episodic memory becomes more elaborate, and familiar events are remembered in scripts at __________ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 to 5 
B)  4 to 7 
C)  6 to 10 
D)  11 to 13 
A)  2 to 5 
B)  4 to 7 
C)  6 to 10 
D)  11 to 13

Question 8

Research on addition- and multiplication-based equivalence problems shows that correct strategies appear first in __________ and only later in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  school settings; everyday settings 
B)  private speech; nonverbal mental activities 
C)  cognitive-processing tasks; problem-solving skills 
D)  gesture; speech 
A)  school settings; everyday settings 
B)  private speech; nonverbal mental activities 
C)  cognitive-processing tasks; problem-solving skills 
D)  gesture; speech

Question 9

To create autobiographical memories that persist for a lifetime, children must

Accepted Answer

A)  have a well-developed language system and a repertoire of memory strategies. 
B)  have a clear self-image and learn to structure significant memories in narrative form. 
C)  be attentive to routines and embed novel events into their long-term memory of those routines. 
D)  possess metacognitive awareness and an elaborative style of talking about experiences. 
A)  have a well-developed language system and a repertoire of memory strategies. 
B)  have a clear self-image and learn to structure significant memories in narrative form. 
C)  be attentive to routines and embed novel events into their long-term memory of those routines. 
D)  possess metacognitive awareness and an elaborative style of talking about experiences.

Question 10

The store model of the information-processing system suggests that the aspects of __________ and __________ improve with age.

Accepted Answer

A)  basic capacity; executive function 
B)  processing speed; overall capacity 
C)  retrieval accuracy; processing speed 
D)  metacognitive skills; strategy use 
A)  basic capacity; executive function 
B)  processing speed; overall capacity 
C)  retrieval accuracy; processing speed 
D)  metacognitive skills; strategy use

Question 11

At his class reunion, Cesar recognizes a number of familiar faces, but he has trouble remembering their names. This is because __________ is easier than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition; recall 
B)  recall; reconstruction 
C)  recognition; reconstruction 
D)  reconstruction; recall 
A)  recognition; recall 
B)  recall; reconstruction 
C)  recognition; reconstruction 
D)  reconstruction; recall

Question 12

Similarity in development of processing speed across diverse tasks in several cultures

Accepted Answer

A)  is most likely due to a decrease in the level of neurons and their connections. 
B)  implies a fundamental change in efficiency of the information-processing system. 
C)  indicates irregular levels of synaptic pruning. 
D)  is unrelated to increased capacity of working memory. 
A)  is most likely due to a decrease in the level of neurons and their connections. 
B)  implies a fundamental change in efficiency of the information-processing system. 
C)  indicates irregular levels of synaptic pruning. 
D)  is unrelated to increased capacity of working memory.

Question 13

Aaron's memory of his family's vacation to Yellowstone National Park resides in his __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  eyewitness 
C)  short-term 
D)  autobiographical 
A)  semantic 
B)  eyewitness 
C)  short-term 
D)  autobiographical

Question 14

When asked to tell what happens at preschool, Hope says, "You have circle time, eat a snack, take a nap, and then play outside." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  verbatim memory. 
B)  biographical retrieval. 
C)  a script. 
D)  semantic knowledge. 
A)  verbatim memory. 
B)  biographical retrieval. 
C)  a script. 
D)  semantic knowledge.

Question 15

As children construct and reconstruct information,

Accepted Answer

A)  they rarely account for new information. 
B)  the information loses coherency. 
C)  they often "delete" important retrieval cues in their memory. 
D)  the information becomes more coherent and memorable. 
A)  they rarely account for new information. 
B)  the information loses coherency. 
C)  they often "delete" important retrieval cues in their memory. 
D)  the information becomes more coherent and memorable.

Question 16

Improvement in recall over the preschool years is strongly associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  mastery of conservation. 
B)  understanding of false belief. 
C)  language development. 
D)  advanced perspective-taking skills. 
A)  mastery of conservation. 
B)  understanding of false belief. 
C)  language development. 
D)  advanced perspective-taking skills.

Question 17

The store model suggests that several aspects of the cognitive system improve with age. What are these aspects, and what improvements do they undergo?

Accepted Answer

Short-term and working-memory spans incr

Question 18

Research on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  girls are diagnosed with ADHD more frequently than boys. 
B)  all children with ADHD are hyperactive. 
C)  ADHD often does not become evident until adolescence or early adulthood. 
D)  executive-function deficiencies underlie ADHD symptoms. 
A)  girls are diagnosed with ADHD more frequently than boys. 
B)  all children with ADHD are hyperactive. 
C)  ADHD often does not become evident until adolescence or early adulthood. 
D)  executive-function deficiencies underlie ADHD symptoms.

Question 19

According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, the early childhood stage involves

Accepted Answer

A)  internal representations of events and actions. 
B)  complex transformations of representations. 
C)  simple transformations of representations. 
D)  sensory input and physical actions. 
A)  internal representations of events and actions. 
B)  complex transformations of representations. 
C)  simple transformations of representations. 
D)  sensory input and physical actions.

Question 20

A common theme characterizing the diverse symptoms of ADHD is

Accepted Answer

A)  intense focus to detail. 
B)  an impaired capacity to inhibit action in favor of thought. 
C)  a disorganized home life. 
D)  nonstop loud talking. 
A)  intense focus to detail. 
B)  an impaired capacity to inhibit action in favor of thought. 
C)  a disorganized home life. 
D)  nonstop loud talking.

Which of the following is a limitation of using stimulant medication to treat ADHD?

Research on eyewitness memory suggests that younger children are prone to memory errors because they

According to research on scripts, both children and adults have difficulty recalling specific instances of __________ events.

Theory of mind research indicates that by age 3, children realize that

Frequent media multitaskers, who are accustomed to continuously shifting their attention between tasks,

Findings show that selective attention improves sharply between ages __________, with gains continuing into adulthood.

Autobiographical memory emerges, episodic memory becomes more elaborate, and familiar events are remembered in scripts at __________ years.

Research on addition- and multiplication-based equivalence problems shows that correct strategies appear first in and only later in .

To create autobiographical memories that persist for a lifetime, children must

The store model of the information-processing system suggests that the aspects of and improve with age.

At his class reunion, Cesar recognizes a number of familiar faces, but he has trouble remembering their names. This is because is easier than .

Similarity in development of processing speed across diverse tasks in several cultures

Aaron's memory of his family's vacation to Yellowstone National Park resides in his __________ memory.

When asked to tell what happens at preschool, Hope says, "You have circle time, eat a snack, take a nap, and then play outside." This is an example of

As children construct and reconstruct information,

Improvement in recall over the preschool years is strongly associated with

The store model suggests that several aspects of the cognitive system improve with age. What are these aspects, and what improvements do they undergo?

Research on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that

According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, the early childhood stage involves

A common theme characterizing the diverse symptoms of ADHD is

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 7: Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Which of the following is a limitation of using stimulant medication to treat ADHD?

Research on eyewitness memory suggests that younger children are prone to memory errors because they

According to research on scripts, both children and adults have difficulty recalling specific instances of __________ events.

Theory of mind research indicates that by age 3, children realize that

Frequent media multitaskers, who are accustomed to continuously shifting their attention between tasks,

Findings show that selective attention improves sharply between ages __________, with gains continuing into adulthood.

Autobiographical memory emerges, episodic memory becomes more elaborate, and familiar events are remembered in scripts at __________ years.

Research on addition- and multiplication-based equivalence problems shows that correct strategies appear first in __________ and only later in __________.

To create autobiographical memories that persist for a lifetime, children must

The store model of the information-processing system suggests that the aspects of __________ and __________ improve with age.

At his class reunion, Cesar recognizes a number of familiar faces, but he has trouble remembering their names. This is because __________ is easier than __________.

Similarity in development of processing speed across diverse tasks in several cultures

Aaron's memory of his family's vacation to Yellowstone National Park resides in his __________ memory.

When asked to tell what happens at preschool, Hope says, "You have circle time, eat a snack, take a nap, and then play outside." This is an example of

As children construct and reconstruct information,

Improvement in recall over the preschool years is strongly associated with

The store model suggests that several aspects of the cognitive system improve with age. What are these aspects, and what improvements do they undergo?

Research on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that

According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, the early childhood stage involves

A common theme characterizing the diverse symptoms of ADHD is

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Research on addition- and multiplication-based equivalence problems shows that correct strategies appear first in and only later in .

The store model of the information-processing system suggests that the aspects of and improve with age.

At his class reunion, Cesar recognizes a number of familiar faces, but he has trouble remembering their names. This is because is easier than .