Exam 11: Self and Social Understanding

Which of the following broad self-evaluations do children in diverse Western cultures form around age 6 to 7?

Between ages 6 and 10, children

Eight-year-old Oren has just begun describing other people's personalities. He is most likely to describe someone as

The development of __________ memory is linked with the emergence of the __________ self.

As school-age children internalize others' expectations, they form an __________ that they use to evaluate their __________.

Attributions such as, "Why did I or another person do that?" are related to

Which of the following groups of children tends to rate their ability very high, often underestimates task difficulty, and holds positive expectancies of success?

Research on social problem solving shows that

Ethan tells his mother that he is not good at math because he got seven questions wrong on his math test and his friend Jack got only one question wrong. Ethan's conclusion that he is "not good at math" demonstrates the concept of

Describe the differences between in-group and out-group biases, including how such biases contribute to the development of prejudice.

In one study, researchers said to children, "Sam can't find his dog. Sam's dog is really in the kitchen, but Sam thinks his dog is in the bedroom. Where will Sam look for his dog?" Children who stated that Sam would look in the kitchen do not yet understand

Three-year-old Athena says, "Daddy's a man. Mommy's a woman." These statements suggest that Athena has developed a

__________ is crucial for a wide variety of social-cognitive achievements, including understanding others' emotions, referential communication skills, and self-concept and self-esteem.

Research confirms that an effective way to reduce prejudice-in children and adults alike-is through

Intervening with children who have weak social problem-solving skills can enhance development by

Describe how children grapple with false beliefs as they develop a theory of mind.

Two-year-old Isabella has a red dot on her nose. When she looks into a mirror, she tries to rub off the dot. This behavior indicates that Isabella is developing

Which of the following adolescents is most likely to be in a state of identity moratorium or achievement?

Dr. Arbus is interested in learning how children come to understand their multifaceted world. In her research, she asks questions like: When do infants discover that they are separate beings, distinct from other people and objects? Dr. Arbus is studying

Preschoolers tend to make overly optimistic attributions because they