Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Ed knows what a horse is but has never seen nor heard of a camel. When Ed sees his first camel, he says "horsey." Ed's reaction is best explained by the process of

A memory for an event in your own life is called a(n) _____ memory.

While attempting to correctly answer this question, you notice that you are mentally commenting to yourself about its level of difficulty. Vygotsky would refer to these internal mental remarks as

Which evidence provides the strongest support for the "linguistic approach" to grammar acquisition?

The defining characteristic of centration is ____ thought.

Donny's mother has just poured two glasses of orange juice, one for Donny and one for his sister. After they are poured, Donny becomes very upset that he got less juice than his sister. Their mother points out that while Donny's glass is short, it is also wider, and thus both children have the same amount. Donny continues to protest, arguing that his juice is shorter, thus he has less juice. Piaget would explain Donny's behavior as being the result of

Orienting responses are often triggered by either unfamiliar or strong stimuli.

According to the ____ principle of counting, the last number in a counting sequence differs from previous numbers and denotes the total number of objects being counted.

How many phonemes are in the word "test?"

Piaget saw equilibration as a balance between

Which is the best example of a question designed to assess autobiographical memory?

The core _____ hypothesis suggests that infants are born with a rudimentary understanding of the world.

Bob is a normally developing 18-month-old. According to Piaget, Bob is most likely in the ____ period of cognitive development.

Eleven-month-old Oreo loves cookies. One day he sees his mother putting cookies into cups for a party. As he is watching, his mom puts one cookie into the first two cups, two cookies into the next two cups, and three cookies into the last two cups. If Oreo is a normally developing 10-month-old who likes cookies, he would most likely reach for

Trevor is visiting his dad's office on a take-your-son-to-work day. Just after they arrive, Trevor's dad's boss bursts into the room and screams at the dad about a poorly written report he submitted. All the time that he is being berated, Trevor's dad keeps smiling. Once the boss has left, Trevor turns to his dad and says, "You really must like it when your boss hollers at you." Trevor's lack of understanding that one's internal state may not match an external state is best explained by the concept of

If you believed in the concept of the zone of proximal development, what advice should you give to a child who is attempting to learn how to throw a ball?

Jeanne has just learned to talk and often says things like "I want it" or "Come here" or "Where did he go?" Jeanne is exhibiting

What can be done to improve the credibility of the testimony of a child?

Research shows that as early as two months of age, infants can recall past events.

When Andy bumps into a table, he says to it, "You bumped into me because you're mean." Andy is exhibiting