Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Houdini is a normally developing one-year-old watching a magic act. The magician he is observing has just rolled a ball into what looks like a solid wall. However, when the ball reached the wall, the ball appeared to roll through it. According to research findings by Baillargeon, one would expect that Houdini's most likely reaction would involve

Discuss any three methods by which young children acquire the meaning of words.

The unique sounds that are combined to create spoken words are called

One criticism of Piaget's theory is that it

____ theory places the greatest emphasis on the relationship between consequences and the probability of a behavior reoccurring in the future.

Provide an example of how egocentrism, animism, centration, and appearance as reality might affect the actions or thoughts of a child.

Francesca does a pretty good job of completing spelling problems but does much better if she is given direction by her teacher. The difference between what Francesca can do alone and with assistance is best defined in terms of her

Two-year-old Ariel's parents recently bought her an aquarium and have begun to point at the moving animals and call them "fish." Despite having only heard the word "fish" a few times, Ariel appears to realize that the term refers to those little moving things in the tank. Ariel's behavior is best explained by

Which number illustrates the fact that in English, numbers do not all follow a regular naming pattern, thus making learning to count more difficult in English than in some other number systems?

Describe how the processes of assimilation and accommodation might come into play during a child's thought process on a visit to a zoo.

Newborns appear to have the ability to hear the entire range of phonemes for every language on Earth.

The following three-year-olds are asked to count the number of fingers they have on their left hand. Assuming that they each have five fingers, who best illustrates the one-to-one principle?

You work for a police department in a major city. A brutal crime has just been committed and the only witness is a five-year-old boy. Discuss concerns that you might have over the accuracy of the boy's testimony. Then describe ways that you might use to improve the accuracy of the child's recollection.

Piaget described a scheme as a psychological structure that

Which statement by a 17-month-old best represents telegraphic speech?

Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking that may be applied to different situations. This mental structure for kicking would best be described as

Memory research suggests that

The mutual shared understanding among participants in an activity is referred to as

Meltzoff and Moore's controversial finding that three-week-olds would stick out their tongues to match an adult performing the same act has been used to support the notion of early life

Which person's advice is most consistent with the three key elements of effective oral communication?