Question 1

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first year 
B)  the second year 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence 
A)  the first year 
B)  the second year 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence

Question 2

When the diets of severely malnourished children improve, they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to undereat 
B)  rarely have lasting damage 
C)  rarely show catch-up growth 
D)  tend to gain excessive weight 
A)  continue to undereat 
B)  rarely have lasting damage 
C)  rarely show catch-up growth 
D)  tend to gain excessive weight

Question 3

According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are blank slates 
B)  impose meaning on what they perceive 
C)  actively search for discontinuous stimuli 
D)  seek variant features in the environment 
A)  are blank slates 
B)  impose meaning on what they perceive 
C)  actively search for discontinuous stimuli 
D)  seek variant features in the environment

Question 4

In Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  most new mothers are encouraged by hospitals to use commercial formula 
B)  nearly 80 percent of babies are exclusively breastfed for the first six months 
C)  one-third of babies are fully weaned from the breast before 1 year 
D)  mothers are well-informed about the benefits of breastfeeding 
A)  most new mothers are encouraged by hospitals to use commercial formula 
B)  nearly 80 percent of babies are exclusively breastfed for the first six months 
C)  one-third of babies are fully weaned from the breast before 1 year 
D)  mothers are well-informed about the benefits of breastfeeding

Question 5

Most chubby babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  become overweight adults 
B)  are bottle-fed rather than breastfed 
C)  are less active than normal-weight babies 
D)  thin out during toddlerhood and early childhood 
A)  become overweight adults 
B)  are bottle-fed rather than breastfed 
C)  are less active than normal-weight babies 
D)  thin out during toddlerhood and early childhood

Question 6

__________ increases steadily, reaching 20/80 by 6 months and an adult level of about 20/20 by 4 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrast sensitivity 
B)  Visual acuity 
C)  Depth perception 
D)  Pattern perception 
A)  Contrast sensitivity 
B)  Visual acuity 
C)  Depth perception 
D)  Pattern perception

Question 7

__________ depth cues arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

Accepted Answer

A)  Binocular 
B)  Dimensional 
C)  Pictorial 
D)  Patterned 
A)  Binocular 
B)  Dimensional 
C)  Pictorial 
D)  Patterned

Question 8

__________ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nighttime separation of baby from parent 
B)  Parent‒infant cosleeping 
C)  Imposing a strict infant sleep schedule 
D)  Infant crib sleeping 
A)  Nighttime separation of baby from parent 
B)  Parent‒infant cosleeping 
C)  Imposing a strict infant sleep schedule 
D)  Infant crib sleeping

Question 9

Yolanda, age 2, is being raised in a single-parent American household. Although her mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda most likely suffers from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  marasmus 
B)  anorexia 
C)  kwashiorkor 
D)  food insecurity 
A)  marasmus 
B)  anorexia 
C)  kwashiorkor 
D)  food insecurity

Question 10

The prefrontal cortex __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the cortical region that develops first 
B)  is responsible for controlling body movement 
C)  functions at an adult level of synaptic connections from birth 
D)  undergoes especially rapid formation during the preschool and school years 
A)  is the cortical region that develops first 
B)  is responsible for controlling body movement 
C)  functions at an adult level of synaptic connections from birth 
D)  undergoes especially rapid formation during the preschool and school years

Question 11

The __________ contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  medulla 
D)  hippocampus 
A)  cerebral cortex 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  medulla 
D)  hippocampus

Question 12

As neurons form connections, stimulation __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes unnecessary 
B)  results in fewer and fewer synapses 
C)  becomes vital to their survival 
D)  causes synaptic pruning 
A)  becomes unnecessary 
B)  results in fewer and fewer synapses 
C)  becomes vital to their survival 
D)  causes synaptic pruning

Question 13

According to the __________ trend, the head develops more rapidly during the prenatal period than the lower part of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  cranial 
B)  neuroproximal 
C)  proximodistal 
D)  cephalocaudal 
A)  cranial 
B)  neuroproximal 
C)  proximodistal 
D)  cephalocaudal

Question 14

Terry and Ahmad plan to adopt 3-year-old Oleg, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. Terry and Ahmad should know that early, prolonged institutionalization __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fosters resilience in later childhood and adolescence 
B)  increases the brain's capacity to manage stress 
C)  leads to a decrease in size and activity in the cerebral cortex 
D)  has little impact on intellectual development 
A)  fosters resilience in later childhood and adolescence 
B)  increases the brain's capacity to manage stress 
C)  leads to a decrease in size and activity in the cerebral cortex 
D)  has little impact on intellectual development

Question 15

__________ are responsible for myelination.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons 
B)  Neurotransmitters 
C)  Glial cells 
D)  Synapses 
A)  Neurons 
B)  Neurotransmitters 
C)  Glial cells 
D)  Synapses

Question 16

Maggi is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. You can inform Maggi that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulates her brittle bones until proper cartilage is formed 
B)  is a trend that will continue into middle childhood 
C)  serves to strengthen her muscles 
D)  helps her maintain a constant body temperature 
A)  insulates her brittle bones until proper cartilage is formed 
B)  is a trend that will continue into middle childhood 
C)  serves to strengthen her muscles 
D)  helps her maintain a constant body temperature

Question 17

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with solid foods added at __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 months; 4 months 
B)  1 year; 4 months 
C)  1 year; 6 months 
D)  2 years; 6 months 
A)  6 months; 4 months 
B)  1 year; 4 months 
C)  1 year; 6 months 
D)  2 years; 6 months

Question 18

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a rare practice among American women. 
B)  leads directly to later obesity 
C)  is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation 
D)  offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections 
A)  is a rare practice among American women. 
B)  leads directly to later obesity 
C)  is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation 
D)  offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections

Question 19

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heredity 
B)  Body weight 
C)  A quiet environment 
D)  Early experience 
A)  Heredity 
B)  Body weight 
C)  A quiet environment 
D)  Early experience

Question 20

In classical conditioning, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  babies learn by observing others; they can imitate the facial expressions of adults 
B)  a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response 
C)  the strength of a response is gradually reduced due to repetitive stimulation 
D)  infants act on the environment, and stimuli that follow change the probability that the behavior will occur again 
A)  babies learn by observing others; they can imitate the facial expressions of adults 
B)  a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response 
C)  the strength of a response is gradually reduced due to repetitive stimulation 
D)  infants act on the environment, and stimuli that follow change the probability that the behavior will occur again

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.

When the diets of severely malnourished children improve, they __________.

According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, babies __________.

In Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, __________.

Most chubby babies __________.

__________ increases steadily, reaching 20/80 by 6 months and an adult level of about 20/20 by 4 years.

__________ depth cues arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

__________ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population.

Yolanda, age 2, is being raised in a single-parent American household. Although her mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda most likely suffers from __________.

The prefrontal cortex __________.

The __________ contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses.

As neurons form connections, stimulation __________.

According to the __________ trend, the head develops more rapidly during the prenatal period than the lower part of the body.

Terry and Ahmad plan to adopt 3-year-old Oleg, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. Terry and Ahmad should know that early, prolonged institutionalization __________.

__________ are responsible for myelination.

Maggi is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. You can inform Maggi that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" __________.

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age , with solid foods added at .

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks __________.

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

In classical conditioning, __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 4: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.

When the diets of severely malnourished children improve, they __________.

According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, babies __________.

In Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, __________.

Most chubby babies __________.

__________ increases steadily, reaching 20/80 by 6 months and an adult level of about 20/20 by 4 years.

__________ depth cues arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

__________ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population.

Yolanda, age 2, is being raised in a single-parent American household. Although her mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda most likely suffers from __________.

The prefrontal cortex __________.

The __________ contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses.

As neurons form connections, stimulation __________.

According to the __________ trend, the head develops more rapidly during the prenatal period than the lower part of the body.

Terry and Ahmad plan to adopt 3-year-old Oleg, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. Terry and Ahmad should know that early, prolonged institutionalization __________.

__________ are responsible for myelination.

Maggi is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. You can inform Maggi that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" __________.

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with solid foods added at __________.

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks __________.

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

In classical conditioning, __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age , with solid foods added at .