Question 1

The strongest effects of Early Head Start programs occurred at sites __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in urban settings 
B)  in rural settings 
C)  mixing center- and home-visiting services 
D)  that did not provide home-visiting services 
A)  in urban settings 
B)  in rural settings 
C)  mixing center- and home-visiting services 
D)  that did not provide home-visiting services

Question 2

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cognitive changes of infancy are stagelike 
B)  the cognitive changes of infancy are abrupt 
C)  all aspects of infant cognition develop together 
D)  various aspects of infant cognition change unevenly 
A)  the cognitive changes of infancy are stagelike 
B)  the cognitive changes of infancy are abrupt 
C)  all aspects of infant cognition develop together 
D)  various aspects of infant cognition change unevenly

Question 3

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 4

Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object permanence __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is not possible until age 2 
B)  occurs in Piaget's Substage 4 
C)  becomes increasingly complex with age 
D)  develops suddenly, at around 4 months 
A)  is not possible until age 2 
B)  occurs in Piaget's Substage 4 
C)  becomes increasingly complex with age 
D)  develops suddenly, at around 4 months

Question 5

Professor Hellinger believes that babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems. Professor Hellinger's beliefs are consistent with the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  sociocultural 
B)  core knowledge 
C)  information-processing 
D)  sensorimotor 
A)  sociocultural 
B)  core knowledge 
C)  information-processing 
D)  sensorimotor

Question 6

Two-month-old Penny makes vowel-like noises. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  babbling 
B)  telegraphic speech 
C)  child-directed speech 
D)  cooing 
A)  babbling 
B)  telegraphic speech 
C)  child-directed speech 
D)  cooing

Question 7

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A)  an implicit memory system 
B)  acquiring mnemonic strategies 
C)  the development of object permanence 
D)  the advent of a clear self-image 
A)  an implicit memory system 
B)  acquiring mnemonic strategies 
C)  the development of object permanence 
D)  the advent of a clear self-image

Question 8

In the short-term memory store, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  information is retained briefly so we can actively "work on" it to reach our goals 
B)  sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly 
C)  incoming information is coordinated with information already in the system 
D)  information is permanently stored 
A)  information is retained briefly so we can actively "work on" it to reach our goals 
B)  sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly 
C)  incoming information is coordinated with information already in the system 
D)  information is permanently stored

Question 9

Awareness of object permanence is not yet complete in Piaget's Substage 4 because babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  still make the A-not-B search error 
B)  have schemes with a hit-or-miss quality 
C)  have schemes that appear as sudden solutions 
D)  are not yet able to retrieve hidden objects 
A)  still make the A-not-B search error 
B)  have schemes with a hit-or-miss quality 
C)  have schemes that appear as sudden solutions 
D)  are not yet able to retrieve hidden objects

Question 10

__________ control(s) attention by inhibiting impulses and by flexibly directing thought and behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Automatic processes 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Executive function 
D)  Mirror neurons 
A)  Automatic processes 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Executive function 
D)  Mirror neurons

Question 11

Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Adaptation involves building schemes thr

Question 12

Apart from direct contact with the environment, schemes also change through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  organization 
B)  circular motion 
C)  deferred imitation 
D)  heredity 
A)  organization 
B)  circular motion 
C)  deferred imitation 
D)  heredity

Question 13

Six-month-old Eva dropped her teething ring in a fairly rigid way, simply letting go and watching it with interest. This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that at first, schemes are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor action patterns 
B)  deliberate and creative 
C)  preoperational thought 
D)  disorganized and random 
A)  sensorimotor action patterns 
B)  deliberate and creative 
C)  preoperational thought 
D)  disorganized and random

Question 14

Social interactionists __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  note that brain regions housing language also govern similar perceptual and cognitive abilities, such as the capacity to analyze musical patterns 
B)  point out that grammatical competence may depend more on specific brain structures than other components of language 
C)  hold that an active child strives to communicate, which cues her caregivers to provide appropriate language experiences 
D)  assume that children make sense of their complex language environments by applying powerful cognitive capacities of a general kind 
A)  note that brain regions housing language also govern similar perceptual and cognitive abilities, such as the capacity to analyze musical patterns 
B)  point out that grammatical competence may depend more on specific brain structures than other components of language 
C)  hold that an active child strives to communicate, which cues her caregivers to provide appropriate language experiences 
D)  assume that children make sense of their complex language environments by applying powerful cognitive capacities of a general kind

Question 15

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate __________ than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adults; children 
B)  arbitrary; purposeful behaviors on objects 
C)  purposeful; arbitrary behaviors on objects 
D)  a series of actions; a single sensorimotor behavior 
A)  adults; children 
B)  arbitrary; purposeful behaviors on objects 
C)  purposeful; arbitrary behaviors on objects 
D)  a series of actions; a single sensorimotor behavior

Question 16

__________ are slightly ahead of __________ in early vocabulary growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys; girls 
B)  Shy toddlers; outgoing toddlers 
C)  Girls; boys 
D)  Low-SES children; high-SES children 
A)  Boys; girls 
B)  Shy toddlers; outgoing toddlers 
C)  Girls; boys 
D)  Low-SES children; high-SES children

Question 17

Herb and Nyla value make-believe as a developmentally beneficial activity. They would like to promote their 18-month-old daughter's play. You can tell them that toddlers' make-believe is more elaborate when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they play alone 
B)  they do not use props 
C)  adults participate 
D)  other toddlers participate 
A)  they play alone 
B)  they do not use props 
C)  adults participate 
D)  other toddlers participate

Question 18

The circular reaction initially centers on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the manipulation of objects 
B)  internal depictions of events 
C)  the infant's own motor activity 
D)  imitation of familiar behaviors 
A)  the manipulation of objects 
B)  internal depictions of events 
C)  the infant's own motor activity 
D)  imitation of familiar behaviors

Question 19

Which statement about categorization is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not until the preschool years can children categorize flexibly. 
B)  Toddlers' categorization skills are not evident in their play behaviors. 
C)  Toddlers' vocabulary growth promotes categorization. 
D)  Toddlers do not categorize their emotional or social worlds. 
A)  Not until the preschool years can children categorize flexibly. 
B)  Toddlers' categorization skills are not evident in their play behaviors. 
C)  Toddlers' vocabulary growth promotes categorization. 
D)  Toddlers do not categorize their emotional or social worlds.

Question 20

Core knowledge theorists argue that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  babies construct all mental representations out of sensorimotor activity 
B)  newborns begin life with a set of biases for attending to certain information 
C)  babies are born with core domains of thought that permit a ready grasp of information 
D)  complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction with more mature members of society 
A)  babies construct all mental representations out of sensorimotor activity 
B)  newborns begin life with a set of biases for attending to certain information 
C)  babies are born with core domains of thought that permit a ready grasp of information 
D)  complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction with more mature members of society

The strongest effects of Early Head Start programs occurred at sites __________.

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object permanence __________.

Professor Hellinger believes that babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems. Professor Hellinger's beliefs are consistent with the __________ perspective.

Two-month-old Penny makes vowel-like noises. This is an example of __________.

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

In the short-term memory store, __________.

Awareness of object permanence is not yet complete in Piaget's Substage 4 because babies __________.

__________ control(s) attention by inhibiting impulses and by flexibly directing thought and behavior.

Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Apart from direct contact with the environment, schemes also change through __________.

Six-month-old Eva dropped her teething ring in a fairly rigid way, simply letting go and watching it with interest. This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that at first, schemes are __________.

Social interactionists __________.

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate than .

are slightly ahead of in early vocabulary growth.

Herb and Nyla value make-believe as a developmentally beneficial activity. They would like to promote their 18-month-old daughter's play. You can tell them that toddlers' make-believe is more elaborate when __________.

The circular reaction initially centers on __________.

Which statement about categorization is true?

Core knowledge theorists argue that __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

The strongest effects of Early Head Start programs occurred at sites __________.

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object permanence __________.

Professor Hellinger believes that babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems. Professor Hellinger's beliefs are consistent with the __________ perspective.

Two-month-old Penny makes vowel-like noises. This is an example of __________.

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

In the short-term memory store, __________.

Awareness of object permanence is not yet complete in Piaget's Substage 4 because babies __________.

__________ control(s) attention by inhibiting impulses and by flexibly directing thought and behavior.

Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Apart from direct contact with the environment, schemes also change through __________.

Six-month-old Eva dropped her teething ring in a fairly rigid way, simply letting go and watching it with interest. This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that at first, schemes are __________.

Social interactionists __________.

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate __________ than __________.

__________ are slightly ahead of __________ in early vocabulary growth.

Herb and Nyla value make-believe as a developmentally beneficial activity. They would like to promote their 18-month-old daughter's play. You can tell them that toddlers' make-believe is more elaborate when __________.

The circular reaction initially centers on __________.

Which statement about categorization is true?

Core knowledge theorists argue that __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate than .

are slightly ahead of in early vocabulary growth.