Question 1

In the Strange Situation, infants with insecure-avoidant attachment __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer the parent to the stranger 
B)  convey clear pleasure when the parent returns 
C)  seem unresponsive to the parent when the parent is present 
D)  combine clinginess with angry, resistive behavior when the parent returns 
A)  prefer the parent to the stranger 
B)  convey clear pleasure when the parent returns 
C)  seem unresponsive to the parent when the parent is present 
D)  combine clinginess with angry, resistive behavior when the parent returns

Question 2

According to Erikson's theory, when __________, the psychological conflict of the first year is resolved on the positive side.

Accepted Answer

A)  a parent is perfectly in tune with the baby's needs 
B)  the balance of care is sympathetic and loving 
C)  toilet training is on time and successful 
D)  the baby receives enough food 
A)  a parent is perfectly in tune with the baby's needs 
B)  the balance of care is sympathetic and loving 
C)  toilet training is on time and successful 
D)  the baby receives enough food

Question 3

Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's research, Bindi would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  easy 
B)  slow-to-warm-up 
C)  difficult 
D)  uninhibited 
A)  easy 
B)  slow-to-warm-up 
C)  difficult 
D)  uninhibited

Question 4

Shortly after giving birth to Max, Tanisha's mood plunged. She felt anxious, weepy, overwhelmed, and angry at loss of control over her own schedule. As a result of Tanisha's postpartum depression, Max probably __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  slept poorly 
B)  was more attentive to his surroundings 
C)  tried to comfort Tanisha when she was sad 
D)  produced low levels of the stress hormone cortisol 
A)  slept poorly 
B)  was more attentive to his surroundings 
C)  tried to comfort Tanisha when she was sad 
D)  produced low levels of the stress hormone cortisol

Question 5

Baby Aiden smiles, laughs, and babbles freely when interacting with his mother and quiets quickly when she picks him up. He does not protest when separated from her. According to Bowlby, Aiden is in the __________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  preattachment 
B)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
C)  "clear-cut" attachment 
D)  formation of a reciprocal relationship 
A)  preattachment 
B)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
C)  "clear-cut" attachment 
D)  formation of a reciprocal relationship

Question 6

The __________ theory of attachment recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  "clear-cut" 
C)  operant 
D)  ethological 
A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  "clear-cut" 
C)  operant 
D)  ethological

Question 7

Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the __________ and __________ dimensions of temperament.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive-affect; fearful-distress 
B)  effortful-control; activity-level 
C)  attention-span; irritable-distress 
D)  activity-level; positive-affect 
A)  positive-affect; fearful-distress 
B)  effortful-control; activity-level 
C)  attention-span; irritable-distress 
D)  activity-level; positive-affect

Question 8

Liam can effectively focus and shift attention, inhibit impulses, and manage negative emotion. Liam is high in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  effortful control 
B)  persistence 
C)  goodness of fit 
D)  self-awareness 
A)  effortful control 
B)  persistence 
C)  goodness of fit 
D)  self-awareness

Question 9

According to Thomas and Chess's research, __________ children are at high risk for anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibited 
B)  easy 
C)  difficult 
D)  slow-to-warm-up 
A)  inhibited 
B)  easy 
C)  difficult 
D)  slow-to-warm-up

Question 10

Emotions __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  become less complex with age 
B)  are clear and well-organized from birth 
C)  become less varied as children grow 
D)  play a powerful role in discovery of the self 
A)  become less complex with age 
B)  are clear and well-organized from birth 
C)  become less varied as children grow 
D)  play a powerful role in discovery of the self

Question 11

Three-year-old J'Marcus asks his grandma to read him a story before she leaves him at daycare. J'Marcus is in Bowlby's __________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
B)  formation of a reciprocal relationship 
C)  preattachment 
D)  "clear-cut" attachment 
A)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
B)  formation of a reciprocal relationship 
C)  preattachment 
D)  "clear-cut" attachment

Question 12

Quality of attachment is usually secure and stable for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  babies of depressed mothers 
B)  babies who have experienced maltreatment 
C)  low-SES babies from families with many daily stressors 
D)  middle-SES babies experiencing favorable life conditions 
A)  babies of depressed mothers 
B)  babies who have experienced maltreatment 
C)  low-SES babies from families with many daily stressors 
D)  middle-SES babies experiencing favorable life conditions

Question 13

Individual differences in __________ contribute to the contrasting temperaments of shyness and sociability.

Accepted Answer

A)  birth weight 
B)  brain plasticity 
C)  the size of the frontal lobe 
D)  arousal of the amygdala 
A)  birth weight 
B)  brain plasticity 
C)  the size of the frontal lobe 
D)  arousal of the amygdala

Question 14

Which toddler would be most likely to display an earlier capacity to comply with adult requests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ariadna from urban Greece 
B)  Bushu from rural Cameroon 
C)  Leopold from urban Germany 
D)  Esther from rural England 
A)  Ariadna from urban Greece 
B)  Bushu from rural Cameroon 
C)  Leopold from urban Germany 
D)  Esther from rural England

Question 15

Between 6 and 10 weeks, the parent's communication with the infant evokes __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the social smile 
B)  laughter 
C)  social referencing 
D)  secure attachment 
A)  the social smile 
B)  laughter 
C)  social referencing 
D)  secure attachment

Question 16

Joh is inactive and negative in mood. He shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli. In Thomas and Chess's research, Joh would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  easy 
B)  slow-to-warm-up 
C)  difficult 
D)  uninhibited 
A)  easy 
B)  slow-to-warm-up 
C)  difficult 
D)  uninhibited

Question 17

Joan, who does not like being scared, decides not to see a horror film with her friends. Joan is using __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional contagion 
B)  self-conscious emotions 
C)  basic emotions 
D)  emotional self-regulation 
A)  emotional contagion 
B)  self-conscious emotions 
C)  basic emotions 
D)  emotional self-regulation

Question 18

Describe the development of explicit self-awareness. Include discussion of the concepts of self-recognition and scale errors.

Accepted Answer

During the second year, toddlers become

Question 19

George is an extremely shy preschooler. In order for George to acquire effective social skills, he will need __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  medication to increase his left frontal brain wave activity 
B)  to be exposed to increasingly stressful social situations 
C)  to be sheltered from criticism and social stress 
D)  parenting tailored to his temperament 
A)  medication to increase his left frontal brain wave activity 
B)  to be exposed to increasingly stressful social situations 
C)  to be sheltered from criticism and social stress 
D)  parenting tailored to his temperament

Question 20

Define temperament. Describe the difficult child, according to Thomas and Chess. Why has the difficult label received criticism?

Accepted Answer

Temperament involves early-appearing, st

In the Strange Situation, infants with insecure-avoidant attachment __________.

According to Erikson's theory, when __________, the psychological conflict of the first year is resolved on the positive side.

Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's research, Bindi would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Shortly after giving birth to Max, Tanisha's mood plunged. She felt anxious, weepy, overwhelmed, and angry at loss of control over her own schedule. As a result of Tanisha's postpartum depression, Max probably __________.

Baby Aiden smiles, laughs, and babbles freely when interacting with his mother and quiets quickly when she picks him up. He does not protest when separated from her. According to Bowlby, Aiden is in the __________ phase.

The __________ theory of attachment recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.

Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the and dimensions of temperament.

Liam can effectively focus and shift attention, inhibit impulses, and manage negative emotion. Liam is high in __________.

According to Thomas and Chess's research, __________ children are at high risk for anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood.

Emotions __________.

Three-year-old J'Marcus asks his grandma to read him a story before she leaves him at daycare. J'Marcus is in Bowlby's __________ phase.

Quality of attachment is usually secure and stable for __________.

Individual differences in __________ contribute to the contrasting temperaments of shyness and sociability.

Which toddler would be most likely to display an earlier capacity to comply with adult requests?

Between 6 and 10 weeks, the parent's communication with the infant evokes __________.

Joh is inactive and negative in mood. He shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli. In Thomas and Chess's research, Joh would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Joan, who does not like being scared, decides not to see a horror film with her friends. Joan is using __________.

Describe the development of explicit self-awareness. Include discussion of the concepts of self-recognition and scale errors.

George is an extremely shy preschooler. In order for George to acquire effective social skills, he will need __________.

Define temperament. Describe the difficult child, according to Thomas and Chess. Why has the difficult label received criticism?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

In the Strange Situation, infants with insecure-avoidant attachment __________.

According to Erikson's theory, when __________, the psychological conflict of the first year is resolved on the positive side.

Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's research, Bindi would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Shortly after giving birth to Max, Tanisha's mood plunged. She felt anxious, weepy, overwhelmed, and angry at loss of control over her own schedule. As a result of Tanisha's postpartum depression, Max probably __________.

Baby Aiden smiles, laughs, and babbles freely when interacting with his mother and quiets quickly when she picks him up. He does not protest when separated from her. According to Bowlby, Aiden is in the __________ phase.

The __________ theory of attachment recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.

Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the __________ and __________ dimensions of temperament.

Liam can effectively focus and shift attention, inhibit impulses, and manage negative emotion. Liam is high in __________.

According to Thomas and Chess's research, __________ children are at high risk for anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood.

Emotions __________.

Three-year-old J'Marcus asks his grandma to read him a story before she leaves him at daycare. J'Marcus is in Bowlby's __________ phase.

Quality of attachment is usually secure and stable for __________.

Individual differences in __________ contribute to the contrasting temperaments of shyness and sociability.

Which toddler would be most likely to display an earlier capacity to comply with adult requests?

Between 6 and 10 weeks, the parent's communication with the infant evokes __________.

Joh is inactive and negative in mood. He shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli. In Thomas and Chess's research, Joh would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Joan, who does not like being scared, decides not to see a horror film with her friends. Joan is using __________.

Describe the development of explicit self-awareness. Include discussion of the concepts of self-recognition and scale errors.

George is an extremely shy preschooler. In order for George to acquire effective social skills, he will need __________.

Define temperament. Describe the difficult child, according to Thomas and Chess. Why has the difficult label received criticism?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the and dimensions of temperament.