Question 1

According to Piaget, magical thinking is common during the preschool years because young children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fail to distinguish others' symbolic viewpoints from their own 
B)  egocentrically assign human purposes to physical events 
C)  cannot mentally go through a series of steps in a problem and then reverse direction 
D)  believe that physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes 
A)  fail to distinguish others' symbolic viewpoints from their own 
B)  egocentrically assign human purposes to physical events 
C)  cannot mentally go through a series of steps in a problem and then reverse direction 
D)  believe that physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes

Question 2

By age 2, children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  take turns in face-to-face interaction 
B)  can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention 
C)  adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners 
D)  adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners 
A)  take turns in face-to-face interaction 
B)  can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention 
C)  adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners 
D)  adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners

Question 3

The __________ maintains alertness and consciousness.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  reticular formation 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  reticular formation

Question 4

When preschoolers are given tasks that are simplified and relevant to their everyday lives, they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot reason effectively 
B)  do not infer others' intentions 
C)  do not display the illogical characteristics that Piaget saw in the preoperational stage 
D)  cannot engage in reasoning by analogy about physical changes 
A)  cannot reason effectively 
B)  do not infer others' intentions 
C)  do not display the illogical characteristics that Piaget saw in the preoperational stage 
D)  cannot engage in reasoning by analogy about physical changes

Question 5

Children with autism __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have narrow and overly intense interests 
B)  have smaller-than-average brains 
C)  engage in more make-believe play than typically developing children 
D)  excel in imitating others 
A)  have narrow and overly intense interests 
B)  have smaller-than-average brains 
C)  engage in more make-believe play than typically developing children 
D)  excel in imitating others

Question 6

Jenny is considering choosing not to immunize her newborn son due to a suggested link between a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism. Jenny should know that large-scale studies show __________ association with autism.

Accepted Answer

A)  no 
B)  weak 
C)  modest 
D)  strong 
A)  no 
B)  weak 
C)  modest 
D)  strong

Question 7

Guided participation __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a narrower concept than scaffolding 
B)  involves spontaneous interaction with the environment 
C)  calls for the verbal presentation of knowledge 
D)  allows for variations across situations and cultures 
A)  is a narrower concept than scaffolding 
B)  involves spontaneous interaction with the environment 
C)  calls for the verbal presentation of knowledge 
D)  allows for variations across situations and cultures

Question 8

Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater. How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reward her with dessert if she eats the new food. 
B)  Repeatedly expose her to the new food without any direct pressure to eat it. 
C)  Add salt or sugar to the new food to increase her willingness to eat it. 
D)  Make her stay at the table until she takes a few bites of the new food. 
A)  Reward her with dessert if she eats the new food. 
B)  Repeatedly expose her to the new food without any direct pressure to eat it. 
C)  Add salt or sugar to the new food to increase her willingness to eat it. 
D)  Make her stay at the table until she takes a few bites of the new food.

Question 9

Preschoolers who spend more time engaged in __________ play are better at inhibiting impulses and regulating emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)  block 
B)  sociodramatic 
C)  gross-motor 
D)  independent 
A)  block 
B)  sociodramatic 
C)  gross-motor 
D)  independent

Question 10

Four-year-old Noam focuses on his own viewpoint and assumes that others perceive, think, and feel the same way he does. Noam's thinking is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  animistic 
B)  magical 
C)  egocentric 
D)  operational 
A)  animistic 
B)  magical 
C)  egocentric 
D)  operational

Question 11

Itzel, a Yucatec Mayan preschooler, is hungry. She is most likely to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decide for herself when and how much to eat 
B)  ask her mother to make her a meal 
C)  wait until the family's set mealtime to eat 
D)  make a pretend meal for herself and her dolls to "eat" 
A)  decide for herself when and how much to eat 
B)  ask her mother to make her a meal 
C)  wait until the family's set mealtime to eat 
D)  make a pretend meal for herself and her dolls to "eat"

Question 12

Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer to repeat items over and over to remember 
B)  are not able to remember familiar, repeated events 
C)  prefer to intentionally group items that are alike to remember 
D)  are not skilled at using memory strategies 
A)  prefer to repeat items over and over to remember 
B)  are not able to remember familiar, repeated events 
C)  prefer to intentionally group items that are alike to remember 
D)  are not skilled at using memory strategies

Question 13

Mounting evidence reveals that children with autism __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more often use mental state words like believe, think, and feel 
B)  are impaired in theory of mind 
C)  are advanced in joint attention and social referencing 
D)  excel in generating plans and inhibiting irrelevant responses 
A)  more often use mental state words like believe, think, and feel 
B)  are impaired in theory of mind 
C)  are advanced in joint attention and social referencing 
D)  excel in generating plans and inhibiting irrelevant responses

Question 14

In addition to acquiring vocabulary and grammar, 4-year-old Kenotae is learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication. Kenotae is learning to master the social side of language, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonetics 
B)  linguistics 
C)  pragmatics 
D)  semantics 
A)  phonetics 
B)  linguistics 
C)  pragmatics 
D)  semantics

Question 15

Yucatec Mayan parents __________ their preschoolers.

Accepted Answer

A)  rely on conversation to teach 
B)  spend very little time with 
C)  rarely converse or play with 
D)  engage in rough-and-tumble play with 
A)  rely on conversation to teach 
B)  spend very little time with 
C)  rarely converse or play with 
D)  engage in rough-and-tumble play with

Question 16

Research with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) early childhood subscales reveals that preschoolers who develop well intellectually have __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  parents who resolve conflicts with punishment 
B)  parents who stimulate language 
C)  few educational toys or books 
D)  low scores in emotional support 
A)  parents who resolve conflicts with punishment 
B)  parents who stimulate language 
C)  few educational toys or books 
D)  low scores in emotional support

Question 17

Picture-book reading with adults is an especially rich context for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reasoning by analogy 
B)  category learning 
C)  developing reversibility 
D)  acquiring conservation 
A)  reasoning by analogy 
B)  category learning 
C)  developing reversibility 
D)  acquiring conservation

Question 18

Three-year-old J.T. understands that 3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1. J.T. has a grasp of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ordinality 
B)  cardinality 
C)  chronological order 
D)  one-to-one correspondence 
A)  ordinality 
B)  cardinality 
C)  chronological order 
D)  one-to-one correspondence

Question 19

By age 4 to 5, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain increases from 40 percent to 60 percent of its adult weight 
B)  many parts of the cerebral cortex have overproduced synapses 
C)  growth in the prefrontal-cortical area slows to near-adult levels 
D)  synaptic pruning slows or ends 
A)  the brain increases from 40 percent to 60 percent of its adult weight 
B)  many parts of the cerebral cortex have overproduced synapses 
C)  growth in the prefrontal-cortical area slows to near-adult levels 
D)  synaptic pruning slows or ends

Question 20

Lia lacks growth hormone (GH). Without medical intervention, Lia will probably __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be much taller than the average adult 
B)  grow slowly throughout childhood and then grow at a normal rate 
C)  reach an average mature height of only 4 to 4½ feet 
D)  be intellectually disabled 
A)  be much taller than the average adult 
B)  grow slowly throughout childhood and then grow at a normal rate 
C)  reach an average mature height of only 4 to 4½ feet 
D)  be intellectually disabled

According to Piaget, magical thinking is common during the preschool years because young children __________.

By age 2, children __________.

The __________ maintains alertness and consciousness.

When preschoolers are given tasks that are simplified and relevant to their everyday lives, they __________.

Children with autism __________.

Jenny is considering choosing not to immunize her newborn son due to a suggested link between a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism. Jenny should know that large-scale studies show __________ association with autism.

Guided participation __________.

Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater. How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?

Preschoolers who spend more time engaged in __________ play are better at inhibiting impulses and regulating emotions.

Four-year-old Noam focuses on his own viewpoint and assumes that others perceive, think, and feel the same way he does. Noam's thinking is __________.

Itzel, a Yucatec Mayan preschooler, is hungry. She is most likely to __________.

Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they __________.

Mounting evidence reveals that children with autism __________.

In addition to acquiring vocabulary and grammar, 4-year-old Kenotae is learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication. Kenotae is learning to master the social side of language, __________.

Yucatec Mayan parents __________ their preschoolers.

Research with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) early childhood subscales reveals that preschoolers who develop well intellectually have __________.

Picture-book reading with adults is an especially rich context for __________.

Three-year-old J.T. understands that 3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1. J.T. has a grasp of __________.

By age 4 to 5, __________.

Lia lacks growth hormone (GH). Without medical intervention, Lia will probably __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

According to Piaget, magical thinking is common during the preschool years because young children __________.

By age 2, children __________.

The __________ maintains alertness and consciousness.

When preschoolers are given tasks that are simplified and relevant to their everyday lives, they __________.

Children with autism __________.

Jenny is considering choosing not to immunize her newborn son due to a suggested link between a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism. Jenny should know that large-scale studies show __________ association with autism.

Guided participation __________.

Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater. How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?

Preschoolers who spend more time engaged in __________ play are better at inhibiting impulses and regulating emotions.

Four-year-old Noam focuses on his own viewpoint and assumes that others perceive, think, and feel the same way he does. Noam's thinking is __________.

Itzel, a Yucatec Mayan preschooler, is hungry. She is most likely to __________.

Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they __________.

Mounting evidence reveals that children with autism __________.

In addition to acquiring vocabulary and grammar, 4-year-old Kenotae is learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication. Kenotae is learning to master the social side of language, __________.

Yucatec Mayan parents __________ their preschoolers.

Research with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) early childhood subscales reveals that preschoolers who develop well intellectually have __________.

Picture-book reading with adults is an especially rich context for __________.

Three-year-old J.T. understands that 3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1. J.T. has a grasp of __________.

By age 4 to 5, __________.

Lia lacks growth hormone (GH). Without medical intervention, Lia will probably __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters