Question 1

Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs 
B)  Lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs 
C)  Severe dehydration in the tissues 
D)  Elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity 
A)  Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs 
B)  Lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs 
C)  Severe dehydration in the tissues 
D)  Elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity

Question 2

Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deep, rapid respirations 
B)  Flushed dry skin and mucosa 
C)  Thirst and oliguria 
D)  Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion 
A)  Deep, rapid respirations 
B)  Flushed dry skin and mucosa 
C)  Thirst and oliguria 
D)  Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion

Question 3

Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type 1 diabetic patients 
B)  Type 2 diabetic patients 
C)  Patients with a poor stress response 
D)  Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan 
A)  Type 1 diabetic patients 
B)  Type 2 diabetic patients 
C)  Patients with a poor stress response 
D)  Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan

Question 4

Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands 
B)  End-stage renal failure 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area 
A)  A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands 
B)  End-stage renal failure 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area

Question 5

Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Graves' disease 
B)  Acromegaly 
C)  Cushing's disease 
D)  Diabetes insipidus 
A)  Graves' disease 
B)  Acromegaly 
C)  Cushing's disease 
D)  Diabetes insipidus

Question 6

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with:

Accepted Answer

A)  type 1 diabetes. 
B)  type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Grave's disease. 
D)  hyperparathyroidism. 
A)  type 1 diabetes. 
B)  type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Grave's disease. 
D)  hyperparathyroidism.

Question 7

Which of the following may cause goiter?
1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Hypothyroidism
3) Lack of iodine in the diet
4) Pheochromocytoma

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 8

What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased glucose production in the liver 
B)  Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction 
C)  Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action 
D)  Chronic obesity 
A)  Increased glucose production in the liver 
B)  Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction 
C)  Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action 
D)  Chronic obesity

Question 9

Blood glucose levels are increased by:
1) glucocorticoids.
2) glucagon.
3) epinephrine.
4) norepinephrine.
5) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 4, 5 
D)  1, 3, 4, 5 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 4, 5 
D)  1, 3, 4, 5

Question 10

Which of the following is an effect of Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated blood glucose levels 
B)  High blood pressure 
C)  Low serum potassium levels 
D)  Poor stress response 
A)  Elevated blood glucose levels 
B)  High blood pressure 
C)  Low serum potassium levels 
D)  Poor stress response

Question 11

Which of the following applies to acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs in infants and children. 
B)  It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth. 
C)  It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). 
D)  It does not change soft tissue growth. 
A)  It occurs in infants and children. 
B)  It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth. 
C)  It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). 
D)  It does not change soft tissue growth.

Question 12

Which of the following are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pale moist skin 
B)  Thirst and poor skin turgor 
C)  Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor 
D)  Tremors and strong rapid pulse 
A)  Pale moist skin 
B)  Thirst and poor skin turgor 
C)  Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor 
D)  Tremors and strong rapid pulse

Question 13

Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cataracts. 
B)  macular degeneration. 
C)  myopia. 
D)  strabismus. 
A)  cataracts. 
B)  macular degeneration. 
C)  myopia. 
D)  strabismus.

Question 14

How do many oral hypoglycemic drugs act?

Accepted Answer

A)  To replace insulin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) 
B)  To transport glucose into body cells 
C)  To prevent gluconeogenesis 
D)  To stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin 
A)  To replace insulin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) 
B)  To transport glucose into body cells 
C)  To prevent gluconeogenesis 
D)  To stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin

Question 15

What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Control by releasing hormones 
B)  Control by tropic hormones 
C)  Negative feedback control 
D)  Hypothalamus/hypophysis coordination 
A)  Control by releasing hormones 
B)  Control by tropic hormones 
C)  Negative feedback control 
D)  Hypothalamus/hypophysis coordination

Question 16

Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. 
B)  Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. 
C)  The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. 
D)  Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption. 
A)  Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. 
B)  Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. 
C)  The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. 
D)  Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.

Question 17

Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral neuropathy. 
B)  frequent infections. 
C)  cataracts. 
D)  A, B, and C. 
A)  peripheral neuropathy. 
B)  frequent infections. 
C)  cataracts. 
D)  A, B, and C.

Question 18

What is caused by hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypocalcemia 
B)  Tetany 
C)  Bone demineralization 
D)  Deficit of vitamin D 
A)  Hypocalcemia 
B)  Tetany 
C)  Bone demineralization 
D)  Deficit of vitamin D

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cause is excess ADH secretion. 
B)  Severe hyponatremia results. 
C)  Excessive sodium is retained. 
D)  Fluid retention increases. 
A)  The cause is excess ADH secretion. 
B)  Severe hyponatremia results. 
C)  Excessive sodium is retained. 
D)  Fluid retention increases.

Question 20

Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Onset often occurs during childhood. 
B)  Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops. 
C)  It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics. 
D)  Complications rarely occur. 
A)  Onset often occurs during childhood. 
B)  Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops. 
C)  It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics. 
D)  Complications rarely occur.

Exam 16: Endocrine System Disorders

Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics?

Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently?

Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression?

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with:

Which of the following may cause goiter? 1) Hyperthyroidism 2) Hypothyroidism 3) Lack of iodine in the diet 4) Pheochromocytoma

What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Blood glucose levels are increased by: 1) glucocorticoids. 2) glucagon. 3) epinephrine. 4) norepinephrine. 5) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which of the following is an effect of Addison's disease?

Which of the following applies to acromegaly?

Which of the following are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person?

Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as:

How do many oral hypoglycemic drugs act?

What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin?

Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

What is caused by hyperparathyroidism?

Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome?

Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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