Question 1

What are the three major indications for PEEP?

Accepted Answer

The primary indication for PEEP is refractory hypoxemia induced by intrapulmonary shunting. Second, decreased functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung compliance. Third, auto-PEEP not responding to adjustments of ventilator settings.

Question 2

During VS, the ventilator frequency and ____ are determined by the triggering effort of the patient.

Accepted Answer

A)  tidal volume 
B)  inspiratory time 
C)  minute ventilation 
D)  respiratory rate 
A)  tidal volume 
B)  inspiratory time 
C)  minute ventilation 
D)  respiratory rate C

Question 3

Why are pressure-supported breaths considered spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

(1) they are patient triggered
(2) the tidal volume varies with the patient's inspiratory flow demand
(3) inspiration lasts only for as long as the patient actively inspires
(4) inspiration is terminated when the patient's inspiratory flow demand decreases to a preset minimal value

Question 4

Pressure support ventilation is a closed-loop system in which the input (set pressure) is constant and the output (flow) is variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

____ uses the Otis equation to calculate the optimal frequency that corresponds with the lowest work of breathing.

Accepted Answer

A)  ASV 
B)  BiPAP 
C)  CMV 
D)  IRV 
A)  ASV 
B)  BiPAP 
C)  CMV 
D)  IRV

Question 6

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's electrical activity of the _______________ is used to guide the optimal functions of the ventilator.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a...

Question 7

PRVC is used primarily to achieve volume support while keeping the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) at a lowest level possible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following should only be used when the patient is properly medicated with a combination of sedatives, respiratory depressants, and neuromuscular blockers?

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled mandatory ventilation 
B)  mandatory minute ventilation 
C)  proportional assist ventilation 
D)  inverse ratio ventilation 
A)  controlled mandatory ventilation 
B)  mandatory minute ventilation 
C)  proportional assist ventilation 
D)  inverse ratio ventilation

Question 9

Which of the following refers to how the ventilator uses a mathematical model to alter the set points to achieve a target goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  set point 
B)  servo 
C)  adaptive 
D)  optimal 
A)  set point 
B)  servo 
C)  adaptive 
D)  optimal

Question 10

In conventional mechanical ventilation, the I time is traditionally lower than the E time so that the I:E ratio ranges from about 1:1.5 to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1:2 
B)  1:2.5 
C)  1:3 
D)  1:4 
A)  1:2 
B)  1:2.5 
C)  1:3 
D)  1:4

Question 11

Positive pressure ventilation creates a transairway pressure gradient by decreasing the alveolar pressures to a level below the airway opening pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The advantage of ____ is its ability to track changes in breathing effort over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  mandatory minute ventilation 
B)  pressure support ventilation 
C)  assist control 
D)  proportional assist ventilation 
A)  mandatory minute ventilation 
B)  pressure support ventilation 
C)  assist control 
D)  proportional assist ventilation

Question 13

Volume ventilation plus is an option that combines two different dual mode breath types: _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  volume control plus and pressure support 
B)  volume-assured pressure support and volume support 
C)  volume control plus and volume support 
D)  volume-assured pressure support and pressure support 
A)  volume control plus and pressure support 
B)  volume-assured pressure support and volume support 
C)  volume control plus and volume support 
D)  volume-assured pressure support and pressure support

Question 14

____ is not commonly regarded as a "stand-alone" mode, rather it is applied in conjunction with other ventilator modes.

Accepted Answer

A)  PSV 
B)  PEEP 
C)  CPAP 
D)  CMV 
A)  PSV 
B)  PEEP 
C)  CPAP 
D)  CMV

Question 15

What are the adverse effects of IRV?

Accepted Answer

During IRV, the increase in mPaw and the

Question 16

_______________ incorporates pressure support ventilation with conventional volume-assisted cycles to provide stable tidal volume in patients with irregular breathing patterns.

Accepted Answer

VAPS
Volume-assured

Question 17

Explain the advantages of AC mode.

Accepted Answer

There are two primary advantages with th

Question 18

Regardless of which operating mode is selected, modern ventilators should achieve four main goals: provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation, avoid ventilator-induced lung injury, provide patient-ventilator synchrony, and allow successful _______________ from mechanical ventilation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regardless of which operating mode is selected,...

Question 19

Complications and hazards associated with PEEP include decreased venous return and cardiac output, barotrauma, increased intracranial pressure, and alterations of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurologic functions and hyperventilation 
B)  gastrointesinal functions 
C)  hepatic functions 
D)  renal functions and water metabolism 
A)  neurologic functions and hyperventilation 
B)  gastrointesinal functions 
C)  hepatic functions 
D)  renal functions and water metabolism

Question 20

Since SIMV breaths are delivered at a frequency independent of the patient's spontaneous frequency, breath stacking may occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What are the three major indications for PEEP?

During VS, the ventilator frequency and ____ are determined by the triggering effort of the patient.

Why are pressure-supported breaths considered spontaneous?

Pressure support ventilation is a closed-loop system in which the input (set pressure) is constant and the output (flow) is variable.

____ uses the Otis equation to calculate the optimal frequency that corresponds with the lowest work of breathing.

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's electrical activity of the _______________ is used to guide the optimal functions of the ventilator.

PRVC is used primarily to achieve volume support while keeping the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) at a lowest level possible.

Which of the following should only be used when the patient is properly medicated with a combination of sedatives, respiratory depressants, and neuromuscular blockers?

Which of the following refers to how the ventilator uses a mathematical model to alter the set points to achieve a target goal?

In conventional mechanical ventilation, the I time is traditionally lower than the E time so that the I:E ratio ranges from about 1:1.5 to ____.

Positive pressure ventilation creates a transairway pressure gradient by decreasing the alveolar pressures to a level below the airway opening pressure.

The advantage of ____ is its ability to track changes in breathing effort over time.

Volume ventilation plus is an option that combines two different dual mode breath types: _______________.

____ is not commonly regarded as a "stand-alone" mode, rather it is applied in conjunction with other ventilator modes.

What are the adverse effects of IRV?

_______________ incorporates pressure support ventilation with conventional volume-assisted cycles to provide stable tidal volume in patients with irregular breathing patterns.

Explain the advantages of AC mode.

Regardless of which operating mode is selected, modern ventilators should achieve four main goals: provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation, avoid ventilator-induced lung injury, provide patient-ventilator synchrony, and allow successful _______________ from mechanical ventilation.

Complications and hazards associated with PEEP include decreased venous return and cardiac output, barotrauma, increased intracranial pressure, and alterations of ____.

Since SIMV breaths are delivered at a frequency independent of the patient's spontaneous frequency, breath stacking may occur.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

Exam 4: Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

What are the three major indications for PEEP?

During VS, the ventilator frequency and ____ are determined by the triggering effort of the patient.

Why are pressure-supported breaths considered spontaneous?

Pressure support ventilation is a closed-loop system in which the input (set pressure) is constant and the output (flow) is variable.

____ uses the Otis equation to calculate the optimal frequency that corresponds with the lowest work of breathing.

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's electrical activity of the _______________ is used to guide the optimal functions of the ventilator.

PRVC is used primarily to achieve volume support while keeping the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) at a lowest level possible.

Which of the following should only be used when the patient is properly medicated with a combination of sedatives, respiratory depressants, and neuromuscular blockers?

Which of the following refers to how the ventilator uses a mathematical model to alter the set points to achieve a target goal?

In conventional mechanical ventilation, the I time is traditionally lower than the E time so that the I:E ratio ranges from about 1:1.5 to ____.

Positive pressure ventilation creates a transairway pressure gradient by decreasing the alveolar pressures to a level below the airway opening pressure.

The advantage of ____ is its ability to track changes in breathing effort over time.

Volume ventilation plus is an option that combines two different dual mode breath types: _______________.

____ is not commonly regarded as a "stand-alone" mode, rather it is applied in conjunction with other ventilator modes.

What are the adverse effects of IRV?

_______________ incorporates pressure support ventilation with conventional volume-assisted cycles to provide stable tidal volume in patients with irregular breathing patterns.

Explain the advantages of AC mode.

Regardless of which operating mode is selected, modern ventilators should achieve four main goals: provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation, avoid ventilator-induced lung injury, provide patient-ventilator synchrony, and allow successful _______________ from mechanical ventilation.

Complications and hazards associated with PEEP include decreased venous return and cardiac output, barotrauma, increased intracranial pressure, and alterations of ____.

Since SIMV breaths are delivered at a frequency independent of the patient's spontaneous frequency, breath stacking may occur.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters