Question 1

Positive pressure ventilation increases ____ and decreases cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

A)  PIP 
B)  PEEP 
C)  mPaw 
D)  PI 
A)  PIP 
B)  PEEP 
C)  mPaw 
D)  PI C

Question 2

Positive pressure ventilation causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure and compression of the pulmonary blood vessels leading to an overall decrease in ventricular output, stroke volume, and pressure readings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure PEEP.

Accepted Answer

In comparing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and PEEP, PEEP exerts a more negative effect on the cardiac output as it raises the mPaw (and PIP) proportionally. The effect of PEEP can be detrimental to the cardiac output because PEEP is the end-expiratory pressure used in addition to positive pressure ventilation. In CPAP, the pressure includes only the airway pressure during spontaneous breathing.

Question 4

During pressure-controlled ventilation, the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is preset according to the estimated _______________ requirement of a patient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During pressure-controlled ventilation, the peak inspiratory pressure...

Question 5

Discuss a few indicators of renal failure.

Accepted Answer

For adequate removal of body wastes, uri

Question 6

GI complications may be caused by a(n) _______________ of perfusion to the GI tract and medications that are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of GI complications may be caused by a(n)...

Question 7

Carbon dioxide acts as a vasodilator in ____ blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic 
B)  renal 
C)  gastrointestinal 
D)  cerebral 
A)  hepatic 
B)  renal 
C)  gastrointestinal 
D)  cerebral

Question 8

Describe the relationship between PEEP and hepatic perfusion.

Accepted Answer

The rate of hepatic blood flow is invers

Question 9

Under normal conditions, the ____ and tidal volume are directly related in positive pressure ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A)  airflow resistance 
B)  pressure gradient 
C)  alveolar pressure 
D)  airway pressure 
A)  airflow resistance 
B)  pressure gradient 
C)  alveolar pressure 
D)  airway pressure

Question 10

When TPN is used, it is essential to keep the amount of dextrose, a(n) ____, to a minimum as it can cause lipogenesis and increase O2 consumption and CO2 production.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate 
B)  amino acid 
C)  fat 
D)  electrolyte 
A)  carbohydrate 
B)  amino acid 
C)  fat 
D)  electrolyte

Question 11

Which of the following is a pathophysiologic change associated with short-term (<24 hours) hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  leftward shift of oxyhemoglobin curve 
B)  reduced O2 release to tissues 
C)  cerebral tissue hypoxia 
D)  decreased cerebral blood flow 
A)  leftward shift of oxyhemoglobin curve 
B)  reduced O2 release to tissues 
C)  cerebral tissue hypoxia 
D)  decreased cerebral blood flow

Question 12

The caloric cost of breathing for COPD patients is about 10 times that of normal individuals because of the increased work of breathing necessary to overcome the high airway resistance and V/Q abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a neurologic change associated with hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased cerebral blood flow 
B)  increased intracranial pressure 
C)  decreased mental and motor functions 
D)  impaired cerebral metabolism 
A)  increased cerebral blood flow 
B)  increased intracranial pressure 
C)  decreased mental and motor functions 
D)  impaired cerebral metabolism

Question 14

Sustained hyperventilation of less than 24 hours causes respiratory alkalosis and increases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

During spontaneous ventilation, the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles create gas flow by raising the pleural, alveolar, and airway pressures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Energy requirements for critically ill patients are normally computed by using the Harris-Benedict equation. This equation estimates the resting energy expenditure (REE) based on weight, height, age, and ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  additional metabolic needs 
B)  gender 
C)  stress factor 
D)  degree of infection 
A)  additional metabolic needs 
B)  gender 
C)  stress factor 
D)  degree of infection

Question 17

During positive pressure ventilation, pressures measured in the ____, left atrium, pulmonary artery, and right atrium are slightly higher than those measured during spontaneous ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta 
B)  superior vena cava 
C)  pulmonary veins 
D)  left ventricle 
A)  aorta 
B)  superior vena cava 
C)  pulmonary veins 
D)  left ventricle

Question 18

Explain why adequate nutritional support is essential in the management of critically ill patients.

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition in critically ill patients

Question 19

Which of the following is a drug that is eliminated by tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  digoxin 
B)  vancomycin 
C)  furosemide 
D)  phenobarbital 
A)  digoxin 
B)  vancomycin 
C)  furosemide 
D)  phenobarbital

Question 20

A decreased venous return (or filling of ventricles) leads to a reduction in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrathoracic pressure 
B)  stroke volume 
C)  compression of pulmonary vessels 
D)  stroke volume and cardiac output 
A)  intrathoracic pressure 
B)  stroke volume 
C)  compression of pulmonary vessels 
D)  stroke volume and cardiac output

Positive pressure ventilation increases ____ and decreases cardiac output.

Positive pressure ventilation causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure and compression of the pulmonary blood vessels leading to an overall decrease in ventricular output, stroke volume, and pressure readings.

Compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure PEEP.

During pressure-controlled ventilation, the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is preset according to the estimated _______________ requirement of a patient.

Discuss a few indicators of renal failure.

GI complications may be caused by a(n) _______________ of perfusion to the GI tract and medications that are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients.

Carbon dioxide acts as a vasodilator in ____ blood vessels.

Describe the relationship between PEEP and hepatic perfusion.

Under normal conditions, the ____ and tidal volume are directly related in positive pressure ventilation.

When TPN is used, it is essential to keep the amount of dextrose, a(n) ____, to a minimum as it can cause lipogenesis and increase O₂ consumption and CO₂ production.

Which of the following is a pathophysiologic change associated with short-term (<24 hours) hyperventilation?

The caloric cost of breathing for COPD patients is about 10 times that of normal individuals because of the increased work of breathing necessary to overcome the high airway resistance and V/Q abnormalities.

Which of the following is a neurologic change associated with hypoxemia?

Sustained hyperventilation of less than 24 hours causes respiratory alkalosis and increases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.

During spontaneous ventilation, the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles create gas flow by raising the pleural, alveolar, and airway pressures.

Energy requirements for critically ill patients are normally computed by using the Harris-Benedict equation. This equation estimates the resting energy expenditure (REE) based on weight, height, age, and ____.

During positive pressure ventilation, pressures measured in the ____, left atrium, pulmonary artery, and right atrium are slightly higher than those measured during spontaneous ventilation.

Explain why adequate nutritional support is essential in the management of critically ill patients.

Which of the following is a drug that is eliminated by tubular secretion?

A decreased venous return (or filling of ventricles) leads to a reduction in ____.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

Exam 2: Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Positive pressure ventilation increases ____ and decreases cardiac output.

Positive pressure ventilation causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure and compression of the pulmonary blood vessels leading to an overall decrease in ventricular output, stroke volume, and pressure readings.

Compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure PEEP.

During pressure-controlled ventilation, the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is preset according to the estimated _______________ requirement of a patient.

Discuss a few indicators of renal failure.

GI complications may be caused by a(n) _______________ of perfusion to the GI tract and medications that are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients.

Carbon dioxide acts as a vasodilator in ____ blood vessels.

Describe the relationship between PEEP and hepatic perfusion.

Under normal conditions, the ____ and tidal volume are directly related in positive pressure ventilation.

When TPN is used, it is essential to keep the amount of dextrose, a(n) ____, to a minimum as it can cause lipogenesis and increase O2 consumption and CO2 production.

Which of the following is a pathophysiologic change associated with short-term (<24 hours) hyperventilation?

The caloric cost of breathing for COPD patients is about 10 times that of normal individuals because of the increased work of breathing necessary to overcome the high airway resistance and V/Q abnormalities.

Which of the following is a neurologic change associated with hypoxemia?

Sustained hyperventilation of less than 24 hours causes respiratory alkalosis and increases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.

During spontaneous ventilation, the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles create gas flow by raising the pleural, alveolar, and airway pressures.

Energy requirements for critically ill patients are normally computed by using the Harris-Benedict equation. This equation estimates the resting energy expenditure (REE) based on weight, height, age, and ____.

During positive pressure ventilation, pressures measured in the ____, left atrium, pulmonary artery, and right atrium are slightly higher than those measured during spontaneous ventilation.

Explain why adequate nutritional support is essential in the management of critically ill patients.

Which of the following is a drug that is eliminated by tubular secretion?

A decreased venous return (or filling of ventricles) leads to a reduction in ____.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

When TPN is used, it is essential to keep the amount of dextrose, a(n) ____, to a minimum as it can cause lipogenesis and increase O₂ consumption and CO₂ production.