Exam 8: Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Hypoxemia can be assessed by measuring the ____.

The clinical conditions leading to mechanical ventilation can be grouped into four areas: (1) acute ventilatory failure; (2) impending ventilatory failure; (3) _______________; and (4) prophylactic ventilatory support.

During mechanical ventilation, atelectasis is an example of a condition related to ____.

For patients with COPD, the ____ may reduce the peak inspiratory pressure, mean airway pressures, physiologic dead space, and PaCO₂.

Initial ventilator settings should be exclusively based on a patient's pathophysiology and laboratory results.

The three considerations in which mechanical ventilation should be terminated or should not be started are based on (1) patient's informed request, (2) _______________, and (3) reduction or termination of patient pain and suffering.

_______________ is the term used to describe lung tissue injury or rupture that results from the shearing force of alveolar overdistention.

How is MIP measured?

Common causes that trigger the ____ include water in the ventilator circuit, kinking or biting of the endotracheal tube, secretions in the airway, bronchospasm, mucus plugs, tension pneumothorax, decreases in lung compliance, increases in airway resistance, and coughing.

____ is defined as a sudden increase in the PaCO₂ to greater than 50 mm Hg with an accompanying respiratory acidosis (pH <7.30).

What are the five steps to determine circuit compressible volume?

Triggering of which of the following alarms may indicate that the patient is experiencing respiratory distress?

Severe hypoxemia is present when the PaO₂ is less than 60 mm Hg on 50% or more of oxygen or less than 40 mm Hg at any F_IO₂.

Prospective studies of patient outcome during mechanical ventilation indicate that hazards and complications are related to (1) _______________, (2) patient condition, (3) ventilator and artificial airway, and (4) medical professionals.

Which of the following is an example of acute ventilatory failure?

How do changes in flow rate and tidal volume affect I time, E time, and I:E ratio?

The ____ is a measure of the inspiratory muscle strength reflecting the patient's pulmonary reserves.

Positive pressure ventilation has been implicated in the development of decreased ____ and arterial blood pressure.

Mechanical ventilation alone can be used to treat or reverse the underlying pathology leading to the need for ventilator support.

____ is achieved by any mode that provides less than the total amount of the work of breathing.