Question 1

What steps should be taken prior to withdrawal of mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Prior to withdrawal of mechanical ventilation, all immediate caregivers who are uncomfortable with the process should be offered an opportunity to withdraw from the case. The patient's pastor or hospital-based chaplain should be notified. The room should provide a quiet atmosphere and unlimited visitations. All invasive monitoring devices/alarms and unnecessary lines and tubes should be removed. The equipment and supplies that remain should include only the basic vital sign monitoring devices, oxygen therapy, and intravenous access for administration of analgesics and sedatives.

Question 2

What two questions pertaining to the patient's clinical condition should be considered before any weaning attempt?

Accepted Answer

(1) Has the patient significantly recovered from the acute phase of the disease or injury that prompted the need for mechanical ventilation?
(2) Are there other clinical conditions that may interfere with the patient's ability to sustain the work of spontaneous breathing?

Question 3

Patients who fail an SBT often exhibit the following objective clinical signs: tachypnea, ____, hypertension, hypotension, hypoxemia or acidosis, arrhythmias.

Accepted Answer

A)  bradycardia 
B)  tachycardia 
C)  atrial fibrillation 
D)  ventricular fibrillation 
A)  bradycardia 
B)  tachycardia 
C)  atrial fibrillation 
D)  ventricular fibrillation B

Question 4

Use of _______________ allows early weaning attempts and minimizes complications associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and artificial airway.

Accepted Answer

NIV
non-invasive ven

Question 5

The criteria for passing a SBT include normal respiratory pattern, adequate gas exchange, and _______________.

Accepted Answer

hemodynami

Question 6

Which of the following is an indicator of weaning failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing VD/VT 
B)  increasing MIP 
C)  increasing f/VT 
D)  decreasing f 
A)  decreasing VD/VT 
B)  increasing MIP 
C)  increasing f/VT 
D)  decreasing f

Question 7

____ is an indicator of weaning failure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing PaO2 
B)  Increasing PaCO2 
C)  Increasing SpO2 
D)  Increasing PaO2/FIO2 
A)  Increasing PaO2 
B)  Increasing PaCO2 
C)  Increasing SpO2 
D)  Increasing PaO2/FIO2

Question 8

If pulse oximetry is used to monitor a patient's oxygenation status, the pulse oximetry O2 saturation (SpO2) should be kept in the mid-80s for allowance of machine inaccuracies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The ____ is used to estimate how much pulmonary perfusion is wasted.

Accepted Answer

A)  P/F index 
B)  QS/QT ratio 
C)  P(A-a)O2 gradient 
D)  CaO2 content 
A)  P/F index 
B)  QS/QT ratio 
C)  P(A-a)O2 gradient 
D)  CaO2 content

Question 10

The ____ is measured by dividing the patient's tidal volume (measured at the airway opening) by the difference in the plateau pressure and the PEEP.

Accepted Answer

A)  airway resistance 
B)  static lung compliance 
C)  deadspace to tidal volume ratio 
D)  vital capacity 
A)  airway resistance 
B)  static lung compliance 
C)  deadspace to tidal volume ratio 
D)  vital capacity

Question 11

Respiratory work is a product of transpulmonary pressure and tidal volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Generally accepted ventilatory weaning criteria includes a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity of greater than 5 mL/kg 
B)  minute ventilation of less than 15 L with satisfactory blood gases 
C)  spontaneous VT of greater than 5 mL/kg 
D)  PaCO2 of less than 65 mm Hg with normal pH 
A)  vital capacity of greater than 5 mL/kg 
B)  minute ventilation of less than 15 L with satisfactory blood gases 
C)  spontaneous VT of greater than 5 mL/kg 
D)  PaCO2 of less than 65 mm Hg with normal pH

Question 13

Normal subjects using an endotracheal (ET) tube have an increase of 54% to 240% in the work of breathing depending on the size of the ET tube and ventilator flow rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

____ is defined as an absence of ventilatory support 48 hours following an extubation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Weaning success 
B)  Weaning in progress 
C)  Weaning failure 
D)  Spontaneous breathing trial 
A)  Weaning success 
B)  Weaning in progress 
C)  Weaning failure 
D)  Spontaneous breathing trial

Question 15

____ = PAO2 - PaO2

Accepted Answer

A)  QS/QT 
B)  P(A-a)O2 
C)  CaO2 
D)  PaCO2 
A)  QS/QT 
B)  P(A-a)O2 
C)  CaO2 
D)  PaCO2

Question 16

Weaning failure is generally related to (1) _______________, (2) decrease of compliance, or (3) respiratory muscle fatigue.

Accepted Answer

increase o

Question 17

____ remains an effective tool in altering the degree of partial ventilatory support during continuous mechanical ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A)  ATC 
B)  CPAP 
C)  PS 
D)  SIMV 
A)  ATC 
B)  CPAP 
C)  PS 
D)  SIMV

Question 18

For a successful weaning outcome, ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the PaO2 should be > 75 mm Hg B) the P(A-a)O2 should be 2. C) the PaO2/FIO2 should be 150 mm Hg D) the QS/QT should be < 45% A) the PaO2 should be > 75 mm Hg B) the P(A-a)O2 should be 2. C) the PaO2/FIO2 should be 150 mm Hg D) the QS/QT should be < 45%

Question 19

What are the procedures to obtain the f/VT Ratio?

Accepted Answer

1. allow the patient at least three minu

Question 20

Describe automatic tube compensation.

Accepted Answer

Automatic tube compensation (ATC) is a m

What steps should be taken prior to withdrawal of mechanical ventilation?

What two questions pertaining to the patient's clinical condition should be considered before any weaning attempt?

Patients who fail an SBT often exhibit the following objective clinical signs: tachypnea, ____, hypertension, hypotension, hypoxemia or acidosis, arrhythmias.

Use of _______________ allows early weaning attempts and minimizes complications associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and artificial airway.

The criteria for passing a SBT include normal respiratory pattern, adequate gas exchange, and _______________.

Which of the following is an indicator of weaning failure?

____ is an indicator of weaning failure.

If pulse oximetry is used to monitor a patient's oxygenation status, the pulse oximetry O₂ saturation (SpO₂) should be kept in the mid-80s for allowance of machine inaccuracies.

The ____ is used to estimate how much pulmonary perfusion is wasted.

The ____ is measured by dividing the patient's tidal volume (measured at the airway opening) by the difference in the plateau pressure and the PEEP.

Respiratory work is a product of transpulmonary pressure and tidal volume.

Generally accepted ventilatory weaning criteria includes a ____.

Normal subjects using an endotracheal (ET) tube have an increase of 54% to 240% in the work of breathing depending on the size of the ET tube and ventilator flow rate.

____ is defined as an absence of ventilatory support 48 hours following an extubation.

____ = P_AO₂ - PaO₂

Weaning failure is generally related to (1) _______________, (2) decrease of compliance, or (3) respiratory muscle fatigue.

____ remains an effective tool in altering the degree of partial ventilatory support during continuous mechanical ventilation.

For a successful weaning outcome, ____.

What are the procedures to obtain the f/V_T Ratio?

Describe automatic tube compensation.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

Exam 16: Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

What steps should be taken prior to withdrawal of mechanical ventilation?

What two questions pertaining to the patient's clinical condition should be considered before any weaning attempt?

Patients who fail an SBT often exhibit the following objective clinical signs: tachypnea, ____, hypertension, hypotension, hypoxemia or acidosis, arrhythmias.

Use of _______________ allows early weaning attempts and minimizes complications associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and artificial airway.

The criteria for passing a SBT include normal respiratory pattern, adequate gas exchange, and _______________.

Which of the following is an indicator of weaning failure?

____ is an indicator of weaning failure.

If pulse oximetry is used to monitor a patient's oxygenation status, the pulse oximetry O2 saturation (SpO2) should be kept in the mid-80s for allowance of machine inaccuracies.

The ____ is used to estimate how much pulmonary perfusion is wasted.

The ____ is measured by dividing the patient's tidal volume (measured at the airway opening) by the difference in the plateau pressure and the PEEP.

Respiratory work is a product of transpulmonary pressure and tidal volume.

Generally accepted ventilatory weaning criteria includes a ____.

Normal subjects using an endotracheal (ET) tube have an increase of 54% to 240% in the work of breathing depending on the size of the ET tube and ventilator flow rate.

____ is defined as an absence of ventilatory support 48 hours following an extubation.

____ = PAO2 - PaO2

Weaning failure is generally related to (1) _______________, (2) decrease of compliance, or (3) respiratory muscle fatigue.

____ remains an effective tool in altering the degree of partial ventilatory support during continuous mechanical ventilation.

For a successful weaning outcome, ____.

What are the procedures to obtain the f/VT Ratio?

Describe automatic tube compensation.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

If pulse oximetry is used to monitor a patient's oxygenation status, the pulse oximetry O₂ saturation (SpO₂) should be kept in the mid-80s for allowance of machine inaccuracies.

____ = P_AO₂ - PaO₂

What are the procedures to obtain the f/V_T Ratio?