Question 1

The specimen of choice for measuring blood pH, pO2, and pCO2 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Heparinized capillary blood. 
B)  Heparinized arterial blood. 
C)  Heparinized venous blood. 
D)  Serum. 
A)  Heparinized capillary blood. 
B)  Heparinized arterial blood. 
C)  Heparinized venous blood. 
D)  Serum. B

Question 2

Which of the following mechanisms can cause metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Accumulation of volatile acids 
C)  Excessive retention of dissolved CO2 
D)  Bicarbonate deficiency 
A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Accumulation of volatile acids 
C)  Excessive retention of dissolved CO2 
D)  Bicarbonate deficiency D

Question 3

What is the most probable acid/base imbalance in the patient described below?
26-year-old male presents with the following signs and symptoms:
Extreme hysteria
Hyperventilating
Pulse 110 BPM
Lab data for ABGs:
PH = 7.550
PCO2 = 27 mmHg
HCO3- =27 mEq/L
PO2 = 98 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory alkalosis 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic acidosis 
A)  Respiratory alkalosis 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic acidosis A

Question 4

Which of the following compensatory mechanisms is correct for a patient in respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease respiration rate 
B)  Increase the movement of electrolytes such as Na+ and H+ out of the cells and into the blood while increasing K+ from blood into cells. 
C)  Decrease whole blood pCO2 
D)  Decrease plasma bicarbonate concentration 
A)  Decrease respiration rate 
B)  Increase the movement of electrolytes such as Na+ and H+ out of the cells and into the blood while increasing K+ from blood into cells. 
C)  Decrease whole blood pCO2 
D)  Decrease plasma bicarbonate concentration

Question 5

Hypercapnia is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  A decreased blood level of carbonic acid. 
B)  A decreased blood level of oxygen. 
C)  An elevated blood level of carbon monoxide. 
D)  An elevated blood level of carbon dioxide. 
A)  A decreased blood level of carbonic acid. 
B)  A decreased blood level of oxygen. 
C)  An elevated blood level of carbon monoxide. 
D)  An elevated blood level of carbon dioxide.

Question 6

The reaction that allows CO2 to move from peripheral tissue cells to plasma, then to erythrocytes and O2 from erythrocytes to plasma, and then into peripheral tissue cells is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride momentum. 
B)  Isothionate shift. 
C)  Cytochrome P450 shift. 
D)  Isohydric shift. 
A)  Chloride momentum. 
B)  Isothionate shift. 
C)  Cytochrome P450 shift. 
D)  Isohydric shift.

Question 7

A patient's blood gas results are as follows: pH = 7.25; dissolved CO2 = 1.8 mEq/L; HCO3- = 27 mEq/L.
These results would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis. 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  Respiratory acidosis. 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis. 
A)  Metabolic acidosis. 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  Respiratory acidosis. 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis.

Question 8

An increase in temperature will result in a change to hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve. This change reflects which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A shift in the curve to the left 
B)  A shift in the curve to the right 
C)  A downward shift in the curve 
D)  An upward shift in the curve 
A)  A shift in the curve to the left 
B)  A shift in the curve to the right 
C)  A downward shift in the curve 
D)  An upward shift in the curve

Question 9

Which of the following statements reflects the appropriate action to take after receiving an arterial blood gas specimen for analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dispense an aliquot of the sample into a test tube and transfer it into the blood gas analyzer. 
B)  Do not gently push out any bubbles or clots that may collect at the end of the syringe. 
C)  Gently push out any bubbles or clots that may collect at the end of the syringe. 
D)  Remove any cap that may be at the end of the syringe and mix sample while exposing it to air. 
A)  Dispense an aliquot of the sample into a test tube and transfer it into the blood gas analyzer. 
B)  Do not gently push out any bubbles or clots that may collect at the end of the syringe. 
C)  Gently push out any bubbles or clots that may collect at the end of the syringe. 
D)  Remove any cap that may be at the end of the syringe and mix sample while exposing it to air.

Question 10

A 43-year-old female arrived at the emergency department with altered level of consciousness. She complained of chronic but moderate severity acid indigestion. This was partially relieved by taking antacids. Her blood gases results are as follows:
RESULTS:
PH 7.60
PCO2 38 mm Hg
HCO3- 40 mEq/L
This patient demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis. 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  Metabolic acidosis. 
A)  Respiratory acidosis. 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  Metabolic acidosis.

Question 11

A patient has the following arterial blood gas results:
PH = 6.55; pCO2 = 26 mmHg; pO2 = 99 mmHg; HCO3- = 22 mEq/L.
Which of the following is most likely to account for these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypokalemia 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Hypoventilation 
D)  Improper specimen collection 
A)  Hypokalemia 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Hypoventilation 
D)  Improper specimen collection

Question 12

Diffusion of gases in the body is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  The movement of charged protein carriers through the alveoli. 
B)  The movement of charged, hydrophilic ions through a nonpolar lipid layer. 
C)  The movement of an uncharged, hydrophobic solute through a lipid bilayer. 
D)  The passive movement of bound ions through cell membranes that results in the active transport of gases. 
A)  The movement of charged protein carriers through the alveoli. 
B)  The movement of charged, hydrophilic ions through a nonpolar lipid layer. 
C)  The movement of an uncharged, hydrophobic solute through a lipid bilayer. 
D)  The passive movement of bound ions through cell membranes that results in the active transport of gases.

Question 13

Which of the following is a derived blood gas parameter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actual base excess 
B)  pCO2 
C)  pO2 
D)  pH 
A)  Actual base excess 
B)  pCO2 
C)  pO2 
D)  pH

Question 14

Convert pCO2 of 40 mmHg to the SI equivalent in kilopascals (kPa).

Accepted Answer

A)  4.33 
B)  5.00 
C)  5.33 
D)  5333 
A)  4.33 
B)  5.00 
C)  5.33 
D)  5333

Question 15

Which of the following effects result from exposure of a normal arterial blood sample to room air?

Accepted Answer

A)  PO2 decreased, PCO2 decreased, pH decreased 
B)  PO2 increased, PCO2 decreased, pH increased 
C)  PO2 decreased, PCO2 increased, pH decreased 
D)  PO2 decreased, PCO2 decreased, pH increased 
A)  PO2 decreased, PCO2 decreased, pH decreased 
B)  PO2 increased, PCO2 decreased, pH increased 
C)  PO2 decreased, PCO2 increased, pH decreased 
D)  PO2 decreased, PCO2 decreased, pH increased

Question 16

Which condition results in metabolic acidosis with severe hypokalemia and chronic alkaline urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug-induced acidosis 
B)  Renal tubular acidosis 
C)  Diabetic ketoacidosis 
D)  Acidosis caused by starvation 
A)  Drug-induced acidosis 
B)  Renal tubular acidosis 
C)  Diabetic ketoacidosis 
D)  Acidosis caused by starvation

Question 17

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate deficiency 
B)  Diminished production of fixed acids 
C)  Rapid and efficient elimination of organic acids 
D)  Increased retention of HCO3- 
A)  Bicarbonate deficiency 
B)  Diminished production of fixed acids 
C)  Rapid and efficient elimination of organic acids 
D)  Increased retention of HCO3-

Question 18

What is the calculated pH for a patient sample if the measured bicarbonate concentration is 22 mEq/L and the pCO2 is 57 mmHg?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.8 
B)  7.0 
C)  7.2 
D)  7.4 
A)  6.8 
B)  7.0 
C)  7.2 
D)  7.4

Question 19

A patient's blood gas results are shown below:
PH 7.32; pCO2 = 58 mm Hg; HCO3- = 28 mEq/L.
These results indicate:

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis. 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  Metabolic acidosis. 
A)  Respiratory acidosis. 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  Metabolic acidosis.

Question 20

What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved CO2 in arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  1:5 
B)  1:10 
C)  20:1 
D)  40:1 
A)  1:5 
B)  1:10 
C)  20:1 
D)  40:1

Exam 13: Blood Gases, PH, and Acid-Base Balance

The specimen of choice for measuring blood pH, pO2, and pCO2 is:

Which of the following mechanisms can cause metabolic acidosis?

What is the most probable acid/base imbalance in the patient described below? 26-year-old male presents with the following signs and symptoms: Extreme hysteria Hyperventilating Pulse 110 BPM Lab data for ABGs: PH = 7.550 PCO2 = 27 mmHg HCO3- =27 mEq/L PO2 = 98 mmHg

Which of the following compensatory mechanisms is correct for a patient in respiratory acidosis?

Hypercapnia is defined as:

The reaction that allows CO2 to move from peripheral tissue cells to plasma, then to erythrocytes and O2 from erythrocytes to plasma, and then into peripheral tissue cells is termed:

A patient's blood gas results are as follows: pH = 7.25; dissolved CO2 = 1.8 mEq/L; HCO3- = 27 mEq/L. These results would be classified as:

An increase in temperature will result in a change to hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve. This change reflects which of the following?

Which of the following statements reflects the appropriate action to take after receiving an arterial blood gas specimen for analysis?

A patient has the following arterial blood gas results: PH = 6.55; pCO2 = 26 mmHg; pO2 = 99 mmHg; HCO3- = 22 mEq/L. Which of the following is most likely to account for these results?

Diffusion of gases in the body is defined as:

Which of the following is a derived blood gas parameter?

Convert pCO2 of 40 mmHg to the SI equivalent in kilopascals (kPa).

Which of the following effects result from exposure of a normal arterial blood sample to room air?

Which condition results in metabolic acidosis with severe hypokalemia and chronic alkaline urine?

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for metabolic acidosis?

What is the calculated pH for a patient sample if the measured bicarbonate concentration is 22 mEq/L and the pCO2 is 57 mmHg?

A patient's blood gas results are shown below: PH 7.32; pCO2 = 58 mm Hg; HCO3- = 28 mEq/L. These results indicate:

What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved CO2 in arterial blood?

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The specimen of choice for measuring blood pH, pO_2, and pCO₂ is:

What is the most probable acid/base imbalance in the patient described below? 26-year-old male presents with the following signs and symptoms: Extreme hysteria Hyperventilating Pulse 110 BPM Lab data for ABGs: PH = 7.550 PCO₂ = 27 mmHg HCO₃^-=27 mEq/L PO₂ = 98 mmHg

The reaction that allows CO₂ to move from peripheral tissue cells to plasma, then to erythrocytes and O₂ from erythrocytes to plasma, and then into peripheral tissue cells is termed:

A patient's blood gas results are as follows: pH = 7.25; dissolved CO₂ = 1.8 mEq/L; HCO₃^-= 27 mEq/L. These results would be classified as:

A patient has the following arterial blood gas results: PH = 6.55; pCO₂ = 26 mmHg; pO₂ = 99 mmHg; HCO₃^-= 22 mEq/L. Which of the following is most likely to account for these results?

Convert pCO₂ of 40 mmHg to the SI equivalent in kilopascals (kPa).

What is the calculated pH for a patient sample if the measured bicarbonate concentration is 22 mEq/L and the pCO₂ is 57 mmHg?

A patient's blood gas results are shown below: PH 7.32; pCO₂= 58 mm Hg; HCO₃^- = 28 mEq/L. These results indicate:

What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved CO₂ in arterial blood?