Question 1

According to the social-learning perspective, children learn about sex-typed behaviours by

Accepted Answer

A)  being reinforced for acting in sex-typical ways. 
B)  having the right genetic mechanisms for such learning to take place. 
C)  observing and imitating television characters. 
D)  both a and c 
A)  being reinforced for acting in sex-typical ways. 
B)  having the right genetic mechanisms for such learning to take place. 
C)  observing and imitating television characters. 
D)  both a and c D

Question 2

The understanding that superficial changes in hair style, toy preferences, and occupation do not change one's gender is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  gender consistency. 
B)  gender constancy. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  gender stability. 
A)  gender consistency. 
B)  gender constancy. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  gender stability. A

Question 3

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females earn higher grades in math than boys 
B)  Males earn higher grades in math and earn higher scores on standardized math tests 
C)  Females apply less orthodox strategies when solving math problems 
D)  Males do better overall, but they do worse than females on tricky problems that require a novel approach 
A)  Females earn higher grades in math than boys 
B)  Males earn higher grades in math and earn higher scores on standardized math tests 
C)  Females apply less orthodox strategies when solving math problems 
D)  Males do better overall, but they do worse than females on tricky problems that require a novel approach A

Question 4

Homosexual boys are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  have a number of older sisters than to have only older brothers. 
B)  have gay male siblings than to have lesbian siblings. 
C)  have homosexual parents. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  have a number of older sisters than to have only older brothers. 
B)  have gay male siblings than to have lesbian siblings. 
C)  have homosexual parents. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 5

Maya has started playing with dolls and likes to pretend to put make-up on. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex role 
B)  Sex differentiation 
C)  Sex typing 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct 
A)  Sex role 
B)  Sex differentiation 
C)  Sex typing 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT among the factors that aid a child's ability to recall information?

Accepted Answer

A)  The material is relevant to his or her gender. 
B)  The material is contradictory to existing sex-role stereotypes. 
C)  The material contains information about individuals behaving in conformity to existing gender stereotypes. 
D)  The material contains information about characteristics and personality traits reflective of existing societal norms. 
A)  The material is relevant to his or her gender. 
B)  The material is contradictory to existing sex-role stereotypes. 
C)  The material contains information about individuals behaving in conformity to existing gender stereotypes. 
D)  The material contains information about characteristics and personality traits reflective of existing societal norms.

Question 7

More males than females have

Accepted Answer

A)  problems with stuttering. 
B)  high scores in reading and writing. 
C)  language processing in both hemispheres of the brain. 
D)  mothers who vocalize to them more. 
A)  problems with stuttering. 
B)  high scores in reading and writing. 
C)  language processing in both hemispheres of the brain. 
D)  mothers who vocalize to them more.

Question 8

Gender schema refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the understanding that one's gender is a permanent part of personality. 
B)  concepts such as object permanence and conservation that must be acquired before children can understand gender. 
C)  the stages children progress through on the way to establishing gender constancy. 
D)  a cognitive representation of the characteristics associated with being either male or female. 
A)  the understanding that one's gender is a permanent part of personality. 
B)  concepts such as object permanence and conservation that must be acquired before children can understand gender. 
C)  the stages children progress through on the way to establishing gender constancy. 
D)  a cognitive representation of the characteristics associated with being either male or female.

Question 9

Mrs. Thomas is the counsellor at the local high school. She notices that

Accepted Answer

A)  more girls than boys enjoy music classes. 
B)  more boys than girls are interested in advanced math classes. 
C)  more girls than boys express interest in the biological sciences. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  more girls than boys enjoy music classes. 
B)  more boys than girls are interested in advanced math classes. 
C)  more girls than boys express interest in the biological sciences. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 10

Eddie takes his 5-year-old daughter, Mara, to her first college basketball game. According to the information processing perspective, Mara will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  conclude she is a boy because she knows only boys go to basketball games. 
B)  pay the greatest amount of attention to the female cheerleaders. 
C)  infer that athletes are as likely to be female as male. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  conclude she is a boy because she knows only boys go to basketball games. 
B)  pay the greatest amount of attention to the female cheerleaders. 
C)  infer that athletes are as likely to be female as male. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 11

Dale, a new school psychologist who is freshly out of graduate school, has been noticing many differences between the boys and girls he sees. Which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A)  More girls are going to be kicking and hitting 
B)  The boys exhibit more prosocial behaviour 
C)  The girls exhibit more prosocial behaviour 
D)  The girls exhibit more generous and cooperative behaviours 
A)  More girls are going to be kicking and hitting 
B)  The boys exhibit more prosocial behaviour 
C)  The girls exhibit more prosocial behaviour 
D)  The girls exhibit more generous and cooperative behaviours

Question 12

Compared to male infants, female infants during the first weeks of life

Accepted Answer

A)  maintain greater eye contact. 
B)  display more motor activity. 
C)  are more irritable. 
D)  are less sensitive to pain. 
A)  maintain greater eye contact. 
B)  display more motor activity. 
C)  are more irritable. 
D)  are less sensitive to pain.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the information in your text about the differential treatment of boys and girls?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teachers tend to give boys more negative, as opposed to positive, attention than girls 
B)  Girls tend to receive more disapproval and scolding from teachers than do boys 
C)  Boys tend to volunteer to answer questions in class more often than girls 
D)  Teachers tend to attribute a greater ability in math and science to boys 
A)  Teachers tend to give boys more negative, as opposed to positive, attention than girls 
B)  Girls tend to receive more disapproval and scolding from teachers than do boys 
C)  Boys tend to volunteer to answer questions in class more often than girls 
D)  Teachers tend to attribute a greater ability in math and science to boys

Question 14

When scientists refer to sex or gender differences they are

Accepted Answer

A)  describing a biological process through which physical differences emerge. 
B)  indicating that biology is primarily responsible for behavioural differences between boys and girls. 
C)  indicating only that boys and girls differ on a particular characteristic without providing an explanation of the origin of the difference. 
D)  examining the process by which children develop behaviours and attitudes appropriate to their sex. 
A)  describing a biological process through which physical differences emerge. 
B)  indicating that biology is primarily responsible for behavioural differences between boys and girls. 
C)  indicating only that boys and girls differ on a particular characteristic without providing an explanation of the origin of the difference. 
D)  examining the process by which children develop behaviours and attitudes appropriate to their sex.

Question 15

Discuss examples of social influences on gender-role development.

Accepted Answer

Social influences on gender-role develop

Question 16

What of the following is true of the way that parents play with their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fathers emphasize physical play with their sons and pretend play with their daughters. 
B)  Mothers emphasize physical play with their sons and pretend play with their daughters. 
C)  Fathers emphasize physical play with their sons more than do mothers, and mothers emphasize pretend play with their daughters more than do fathers. 
D)  both a and b 
A)  Fathers emphasize physical play with their sons and pretend play with their daughters. 
B)  Mothers emphasize physical play with their sons and pretend play with their daughters. 
C)  Fathers emphasize physical play with their sons more than do mothers, and mothers emphasize pretend play with their daughters more than do fathers. 
D)  both a and b

Question 17

Studies of the relationship between brain lateralization and language/verbal abilities suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  both males and females process language in the right hemisphere. 
B)  there are large individual differences in where language processing occurs in the brain. 
C)  language processing and verbal abilities appear to be among the skills least affected by lateralization. 
D)  language functioning in females is more equally spread between the two hemispheres, whereas in males it is more concentrated in the left hemisphere. 
A)  both males and females process language in the right hemisphere. 
B)  there are large individual differences in where language processing occurs in the brain. 
C)  language processing and verbal abilities appear to be among the skills least affected by lateralization. 
D)  language functioning in females is more equally spread between the two hemispheres, whereas in males it is more concentrated in the left hemisphere.

Question 18

Lisa Serbin and her colleagues were interested in determining whether 12-, 18-, and 23-month-old infants would show different visual preferences for male- and female-stereotyped toys. Their results were as follows:

Accepted Answer

A)  At these young ages, they did not yet see differences in visual preferences 
B)  At 18 months of age boys and girls both preferred to look at dolls more than vehicles 
C)  By 18 months of age, girls preferred to look at dolls and boys preferred to look at vehicles 
D)  Differences between boys and girls only became apparent at 23 months of age 
A)  At these young ages, they did not yet see differences in visual preferences 
B)  At 18 months of age boys and girls both preferred to look at dolls more than vehicles 
C)  By 18 months of age, girls preferred to look at dolls and boys preferred to look at vehicles 
D)  Differences between boys and girls only became apparent at 23 months of age

Question 19

Your young nephew runs up to you and says, "Guess what? I'm a boy!" According to Kohlberg your young nephew is demonstrating the concept of (a)

Accepted Answer

A)  gender consistency. 
B)  gender stability. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  gender schema. 
A)  gender consistency. 
B)  gender stability. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  gender schema.

Question 20

What role do hormones play in the development of sex differences in behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Hormones play a significant role in the

According to the social-learning perspective, children learn about sex-typed behaviours by

The understanding that superficial changes in hair style, toy preferences, and occupation do not change one's gender is known as

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Homosexual boys are more likely to

Maya has started playing with dolls and likes to pretend to put make-up on. This is known as

Which of the following is NOT among the factors that aid a child's ability to recall information?

More males than females have

Gender schema refers to

Mrs. Thomas is the counsellor at the local high school. She notices that

Eddie takes his 5-year-old daughter, Mara, to her first college basketball game. According to the information processing perspective, Mara will most likely

Dale, a new school psychologist who is freshly out of graduate school, has been noticing many differences between the boys and girls he sees. Which of the following is most likely true?

Compared to male infants, female infants during the first weeks of life

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the information in your text about the differential treatment of boys and girls?

When scientists refer to sex or gender differences they are

Discuss examples of social influences on gender-role development.

What of the following is true of the way that parents play with their children?

Studies of the relationship between brain lateralization and language/verbal abilities suggest that

Lisa Serbin and her colleagues were interested in determining whether 12-, 18-, and 23-month-old infants would show different visual preferences for male- and female-stereotyped toys. Their results were as follows:

Your young nephew runs up to you and says, "Guess what? I'm a boy!" According to Kohlberg your young nephew is demonstrating the concept of (a)

What role do hormones play in the development of sex differences in behaviour?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Filters

Exam 16: Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

According to the social-learning perspective, children learn about sex-typed behaviours by

The understanding that superficial changes in hair style, toy preferences, and occupation do not change one's gender is known as

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Homosexual boys are more likely to

Maya has started playing with dolls and likes to pretend to put make-up on. This is known as

Which of the following is NOT among the factors that aid a child's ability to recall information?

More males than females have

Gender schema refers to

Mrs. Thomas is the counsellor at the local high school. She notices that

Eddie takes his 5-year-old daughter, Mara, to her first college basketball game. According to the information processing perspective, Mara will most likely

Dale, a new school psychologist who is freshly out of graduate school, has been noticing many differences between the boys and girls he sees. Which of the following is most likely true?

Compared to male infants, female infants during the first weeks of life

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the information in your text about the differential treatment of boys and girls?

When scientists refer to sex or gender differences they are

Discuss examples of social influences on gender-role development.

What of the following is true of the way that parents play with their children?

Studies of the relationship between brain lateralization and language/verbal abilities suggest that

Lisa Serbin and her colleagues were interested in determining whether 12-, 18-, and 23-month-old infants would show different visual preferences for male- and female-stereotyped toys. Their results were as follows:

Your young nephew runs up to you and says, "Guess what? I'm a boy!" According to Kohlberg your young nephew is demonstrating the concept of (a)

What role do hormones play in the development of sex differences in behaviour?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Filters