Question 1

How do operant behaviours differ from respondent behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Operant behaviours are voluntary. 
B)  Operant behaviours can be conditioned. 
C)  Operant behaviours are adaptive. 
D)  Operant behaviours are present at birth. 
A)  Operant behaviours are voluntary. 
B)  Operant behaviours can be conditioned. 
C)  Operant behaviours are adaptive. 
D)  Operant behaviours are present at birth. A

Question 2

Anne is three years old and her parents have registered her in violin and piano lessons. They are attempting to cultivate her musical talent through which principle of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Idiosyncracy 
B)  Nurture 
C)  Mozart effect 
D)  None of these alternatives are correct 
A)  Idiosyncracy 
B)  Nurture 
C)  Mozart effect 
D)  None of these alternatives are correct B

Question 3

An evolutionary developmental psychologist would say that evolution has prepared us for all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language 
B)  Mate selection 
C)  Reading 
D)  Attachment 
A)  Language 
B)  Mate selection 
C)  Reading 
D)  Attachment C

Question 4

Freud based his model of child development on:

Accepted Answer

A)  his own and his patients' recollections of childhood experiences. 
B)  laboratory studies of children. 
C)  large scale questionnaire studies. 
D)  Darwin's theory of evolution. 
A)  his own and his patients' recollections of childhood experiences. 
B)  laboratory studies of children. 
C)  large scale questionnaire studies. 
D)  Darwin's theory of evolution.

Question 5

Piaget's stages of development are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocial tasks faced by children at each stage of development. 
B)  primarily changes in speed of processing. 
C)  qualitatively distinct forms of functioning. 
D)  underlying neurological changes. 
A)  psychosocial tasks faced by children at each stage of development. 
B)  primarily changes in speed of processing. 
C)  qualitatively distinct forms of functioning. 
D)  underlying neurological changes.

Question 6

Discontinuity theorists portray development as:

Accepted Answer

A)  characterized by periods of relative calm and periods of rapid and abrupt change. 
B)  largely determined by early experience. 
C)  highly variable from individual to individual. 
D)  gradual change. 
A)  characterized by periods of relative calm and periods of rapid and abrupt change. 
B)  largely determined by early experience. 
C)  highly variable from individual to individual. 
D)  gradual change.

Question 7

According to Vygotsky, __________ is a primary determinant of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  culture 
B)  the environment 
C)  biological unfolding 
D)  all the responses are accurate 
A)  culture 
B)  the environment 
C)  biological unfolding 
D)  all the responses are accurate

Question 8

Theorists who argue that development consists of qualitative changes are most likely to emphasize:

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental influences on development. 
B)  biological influences on development. 
C)  the role of learning in development. 
D)  motor development. 
A)  environmental influences on development. 
B)  biological influences on development. 
C)  the role of learning in development. 
D)  motor development.

Question 9

Who, from among the following, was the first major developmentalist to argue for an interactionist model of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  G. Stanley Hall 
B)  Arnold Gesell 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  John B. Watson 
A)  G. Stanley Hall 
B)  Arnold Gesell 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  John B. Watson

Question 10

Psychologists use habituation and dishabituation to:

Accepted Answer

A)  assess the strength of the mother-infant bond. 
B)  treat phobias. 
C)  strengthen operant responses. 
D)  study infants' perceptual and cognitive abilities. 
A)  assess the strength of the mother-infant bond. 
B)  treat phobias. 
C)  strengthen operant responses. 
D)  study infants' perceptual and cognitive abilities.

Question 11

Theorists who emphasize the importance of early experience on later development most likely believe:

Accepted Answer

A)  development is continuous. 
B)  development is guided primarily by biological factors. 
C)  development is normative. 
D)  development is discontinuous. 
A)  development is continuous. 
B)  development is guided primarily by biological factors. 
C)  development is normative. 
D)  development is discontinuous.

Question 12

Erikson's model of human development:

Accepted Answer

A)  has eight stages. 
B)  covers the entire lifespan. 
C)  reflects an interactionist perspective. 
D)  all of these alternatives are correct 
A)  has eight stages. 
B)  covers the entire lifespan. 
C)  reflects an interactionist perspective. 
D)  all of these alternatives are correct

Question 13

One of Freud's influential ideas was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  parents could never indulge their children too much. 
B)  early experiences strongly affect later development. 
C)  development is entirely determined by inborn biological processes. 
D)  healthy sexual development requires strict parental discipline. 
A)  parents could never indulge their children too much. 
B)  early experiences strongly affect later development. 
C)  development is entirely determined by inborn biological processes. 
D)  healthy sexual development requires strict parental discipline.

Question 14

Upon returning home from work, Steve and Anne always hang their coats up in a hall closet. Their son Jonathan never hangs his jacket up despite the fact that Steve and Anne installed low hooks especially for Jonathan's clothes. How could Bandura explain the fact that Jonathan does not imitate his parents' behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jonathan does not pay attention to the fact that his parents always hang up their jackets. 
B)  Jonathan is not sufficiently motivated to hang up his jacket. 
C)  Jonathan does not remember that he is supposed to hang up his jacket. 
D)  All of the responses are accurate. 
A)  Jonathan does not pay attention to the fact that his parents always hang up their jackets. 
B)  Jonathan is not sufficiently motivated to hang up his jacket. 
C)  Jonathan does not remember that he is supposed to hang up his jacket. 
D)  All of the responses are accurate.

Question 15

Assimilation is the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  represent information symbolically. 
B)  change cognitive structures in the face of new information. 
C)  generalize a conditioned response to a broad class of stimuli. 
D)  understand new information in terms of existing knowledge. 
A)  represent information symbolically. 
B)  change cognitive structures in the face of new information. 
C)  generalize a conditioned response to a broad class of stimuli. 
D)  understand new information in terms of existing knowledge.

Question 16

__________ is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from practice or experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning 
B)  Cognition 
C)  Development 
D)  Evolution 
A)  Learning 
B)  Cognition 
C)  Development 
D)  Evolution

Question 17

An evolutionary developmental psychologist believes that attributes that are adaptive and promote survival will vary with the developmental level of the organism. Which of the following is NOT an example that supports this belief?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rough and tumble play in boys 
B)  Reading during childhood 
C)  Mate selection and reproduction 
D)  Unique characteristics of babies 
A)  Rough and tumble play in boys 
B)  Reading during childhood 
C)  Mate selection and reproduction 
D)  Unique characteristics of babies

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of Hall's contributions to psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  He trained the first generation of developmental psychologists. 
B)  He established several scientific journals. 
C)  He made important theoretical strides. 
D)  He invited Freud to lecture at Clark University. 
A)  He trained the first generation of developmental psychologists. 
B)  He established several scientific journals. 
C)  He made important theoretical strides. 
D)  He invited Freud to lecture at Clark University.

Question 19

In their now classic study, Watson and Rayner conditioned a fear response in a young child named Albert by making a loud noise behind Albert's head as he happily played with a tame laboratory rat. After several trials, the mere sight of the white rat made Albert cry. In this study, the white rat served as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 20

Social learning theorists are most likely to study which of the following developmental phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children's understanding of the physical world 
B)  Aggression 
C)  Internal speech 
D)  Infant memory 
A)  Children's understanding of the physical world 
B)  Aggression 
C)  Internal speech 
D)  Infant memory

How do operant behaviours differ from respondent behaviours?

Anne is three years old and her parents have registered her in violin and piano lessons. They are attempting to cultivate her musical talent through which principle of developmental psychology?

An evolutionary developmental psychologist would say that evolution has prepared us for all but which of the following?

Freud based his model of child development on:

Piaget's stages of development are characterized by:

Discontinuity theorists portray development as:

According to Vygotsky, __________ is a primary determinant of development.

Theorists who argue that development consists of qualitative changes are most likely to emphasize:

Who, from among the following, was the first major developmentalist to argue for an interactionist model of development?

Psychologists use habituation and dishabituation to:

Theorists who emphasize the importance of early experience on later development most likely believe:

Erikson's model of human development:

One of Freud's influential ideas was that:

Assimilation is the tendency to:

__________ is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from practice or experience.

An evolutionary developmental psychologist believes that attributes that are adaptive and promote survival will vary with the developmental level of the organism. Which of the following is NOT an example that supports this belief?

Which of the following is NOT one of Hall's contributions to psychology?

Social learning theorists are most likely to study which of the following developmental phenomena?

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 1: Background and Theories

How do operant behaviours differ from respondent behaviours?

Anne is three years old and her parents have registered her in violin and piano lessons. They are attempting to cultivate her musical talent through which principle of developmental psychology?

An evolutionary developmental psychologist would say that evolution has prepared us for all but which of the following?

Freud based his model of child development on:

Piaget's stages of development are characterized by:

Discontinuity theorists portray development as:

According to Vygotsky, __________ is a primary determinant of development.

Theorists who argue that development consists of qualitative changes are most likely to emphasize:

Who, from among the following, was the first major developmentalist to argue for an interactionist model of development?

Psychologists use habituation and dishabituation to:

Theorists who emphasize the importance of early experience on later development most likely believe:

Erikson's model of human development:

One of Freud's influential ideas was that:

Assimilation is the tendency to:

__________ is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from practice or experience.

An evolutionary developmental psychologist believes that attributes that are adaptive and promote survival will vary with the developmental level of the organism. Which of the following is NOT an example that supports this belief?

Which of the following is NOT one of Hall's contributions to psychology?

Social learning theorists are most likely to study which of the following developmental phenomena?

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters