Question 1

What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project? Discuss the costs and potential benefits of the knowledge to be gleaned from this project.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to map and sequence all the genes in the human genome, in order to better understand the genetic makeup of humans and how it influences health and disease. This project aimed to identify and locate all of the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, and store this information in databases for further research and analysis.

The costs of the Human Genome Project were substantial, with an estimated total cost of around $2.7 billion. However, the potential benefits of the knowledge to be gleaned from this project are immense. By understanding the human genome, scientists and researchers can gain insights into the genetic basis of diseases, leading to improved diagnostics, treatments, and potentially even cures for genetic disorders. This knowledge can also help in the development of personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to an individual's genetic makeup, leading to more effective and targeted therapies.

Additionally, the Human Genome Project has paved the way for advancements in fields such as biotechnology, agriculture, and forensic science. It has also led to a better understanding of human evolution and migration patterns, as well as the genetic diversity within the human population.

In conclusion, the Human Genome Project has provided a wealth of knowledge about the human genetic code, with the potential to revolutionize medicine and improve human health. Despite the high costs, the benefits of this project are far-reaching and have the potential to impact many aspects of human life.

Question 2

Mary is a normal and healthy newborn. Her mother is less than 5 feet tall, while her father is 5'10". While the exact height Mary attains as an adult will depend on a variety of environmental factors including nutrition, there are high and low limits to how tall Mary can become. These limits illustrate the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction range. 
B)  developmental pacing. 
C)  niche-picking. 
D)  nonshared environmental variation. 
A)  reaction range. 
B)  developmental pacing. 
C)  niche-picking. 
D)  nonshared environmental variation. A

Question 3

Which of the following factors are critical in determining who we become as a species?

Accepted Answer

A)  The specific genes found in our chromosomes 
B)  The number and precise sequence of nucleotides in genes 
C)  The sequence of specific genes 
D)  The number of specific genes 
A)  The specific genes found in our chromosomes 
B)  The number and precise sequence of nucleotides in genes 
C)  The sequence of specific genes 
D)  The number of specific genes B

Question 4

Structural defects in the chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  often occur during mitosis. 
B)  only involve sex chromosomes. 
C)  may cause Down syndrome. 
D)  are transmitted according to the same principles of inheritance as blood type and hair color. 
A)  often occur during mitosis. 
B)  only involve sex chromosomes. 
C)  may cause Down syndrome. 
D)  are transmitted according to the same principles of inheritance as blood type and hair color.

Question 5

When an allele is biochemically marked so that it becomes silent, it is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinted. 
B)  dominant. 
C)  recessive. 
D)  blended. 
A)  imprinted. 
B)  dominant. 
C)  recessive. 
D)  blended.

Question 6

Connie and Bella are monozygotic twins who were raised separately from birth. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are likely to be working in the same field or area of work 
B)  They are likely to be tall 
C)  They are likely to be divorced 
D)  All of the above alternatives are correct 
A)  They are likely to be working in the same field or area of work 
B)  They are likely to be tall 
C)  They are likely to be divorced 
D)  All of the above alternatives are correct

Question 7

Tim and Tom are monozygotic twins who were separated at birth and raised in extremely different environments. Both boys had similar growth spurt patterns. This exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental pacing. 
B)  emergenesis. 
C)  crossing-over. 
D)  an evocative gene-environment relationship. 
A)  developmental pacing. 
B)  emergenesis. 
C)  crossing-over. 
D)  an evocative gene-environment relationship.

Question 8

Tim and Tom are monozygotic twins who were raised separately from birth. Tim lived in an enriched environment and grew to be 6'1" tall. Tom lived in a deprived environment and grew to be 5'11". This exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of environment on height. 
B)  individuals with identical phenotypes for height who exhibited different genotypes. 
C)  developmental pacing. 
D)  the effects of genes, since fraternal twins share only 50% of their genes in common. 
A)  the effects of environment on height. 
B)  individuals with identical phenotypes for height who exhibited different genotypes. 
C)  developmental pacing. 
D)  the effects of genes, since fraternal twins share only 50% of their genes in common.

Question 9

Comparisons of sickle-cell anemia among the African-American population and the Bamba tribe in Africa suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  the incidence of sickle-cell anemia is equivalent among the two populations. 
B)  the sickle-cell gene offers some resistance to malaria. 
C)  sickle-cell anemia is caused by parasites that carry malaria so it is more common on the continent of Africa. 
D)  the symptoms of sickle-cell anemia are less severe among the Bamba. 
A)  the incidence of sickle-cell anemia is equivalent among the two populations. 
B)  the sickle-cell gene offers some resistance to malaria. 
C)  sickle-cell anemia is caused by parasites that carry malaria so it is more common on the continent of Africa. 
D)  the symptoms of sickle-cell anemia are less severe among the Bamba.

Question 10

In which of the following do twin and adoption studies suggest a genetic component?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developmental pacing 
B)  Intellectual performance 
C)  Personality 
D)  All of the responses are accurate. 
A)  Developmental pacing 
B)  Intellectual performance 
C)  Personality 
D)  All of the responses are accurate.

Question 11

Roger has severe spatial difficulties, an elongated face, is hyperactive and is prone to anxiety. Based on this information, it is more likely that he has:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fragile X syndrome 
B)  Fragile Y syndrome 
C)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
D)  Down syndrome 
A)  Fragile X syndrome 
B)  Fragile Y syndrome 
C)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
D)  Down syndrome

Question 12

Which one of the following is second only to Down syndrome as a genetically-based cause of intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner's syndrome 
B)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
C)  Fragile X syndrome 
D)  PKU 
A)  Turner's syndrome 
B)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
C)  Fragile X syndrome 
D)  PKU

Question 13

DNA is found in

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm. 
B)  the cell membrane. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  the nucleus of each of our body cells. 
A)  cytoplasm. 
B)  the cell membrane. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  the nucleus of each of our body cells.

Question 14

Monozygotic means

Accepted Answer

A)  one fertilized egg. 
B)  one egg. 
C)  two fertilized eggs. 
D)  one failed pregnancy. 
A)  one fertilized egg. 
B)  one egg. 
C)  two fertilized eggs. 
D)  one failed pregnancy.

Question 15

Matty is very shy, has long arms, and an underdeveloped penis. Based on this information, it is more likely that he has:

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner's syndrome 
B)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
C)  Cri du chat syndrome 
D)  Down syndrome 
A)  Turner's syndrome 
B)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
C)  Cri du chat syndrome 
D)  Down syndrome

Question 16

Our genes

Accepted Answer

A)  produce effects, most of which are observable at birth. 
B)  guide development throughout childhood. 
C)  guide, regulate, and influence development throughout the lifespan. 
D)  are the sole determinants of our individuality. 
A)  produce effects, most of which are observable at birth. 
B)  guide development throughout childhood. 
C)  guide, regulate, and influence development throughout the lifespan. 
D)  are the sole determinants of our individuality.

Question 17

Which of the following sets of symptoms best characterizes cri du chat syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intellectual disability, a cry like that of a cat, and neuromuscular problems. 
B)  Intellectual disability, distinctive appearance, cheerful, sociable disposition, poor muscle tone, and language impairments. 
C)  Intellectual disability, distinctive appearance, attention deficits, hyperactivity, and aggressiveness. 
D)  Listlessness in infancy, blindness, by first year, and death by four. 
A)  Intellectual disability, a cry like that of a cat, and neuromuscular problems. 
B)  Intellectual disability, distinctive appearance, cheerful, sociable disposition, poor muscle tone, and language impairments. 
C)  Intellectual disability, distinctive appearance, attention deficits, hyperactivity, and aggressiveness. 
D)  Listlessness in infancy, blindness, by first year, and death by four.

Question 18

Currently, babies born in Canada are routinely tested for which of the following diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tay Sach's disease 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  PKU 
D)  muscular dystrophy 
A)  Tay Sach's disease 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  PKU 
D)  muscular dystrophy

Question 19

What do Tay-Sachs disease and PKU have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children born with the diseases appear normal at birth. 
B)  Both can be treated by special diets. 
C)  In both cases, victims of the diseases are likely to die before age 6. 
D)  The diseases are most common among northern European groups. 
A)  Children born with the diseases appear normal at birth. 
B)  Both can be treated by special diets. 
C)  In both cases, victims of the diseases are likely to die before age 6. 
D)  The diseases are most common among northern European groups.

Question 20

In Scarr's model of gene-environment interaction, an evocative relationship exists when

Accepted Answer

A)  a child elicits certain responses from others that are consistent with the child's genotype. 
B)  parents provide the child with an environment that happens to coincide with the child's genotype. 
C)  a child seeks out environments that reflect the child's own interests and are therefore consistent with his or her genotype. 
D)  a child's genotype limits the possible impact of environmental influences. 
A)  a child elicits certain responses from others that are consistent with the child's genotype. 
B)  parents provide the child with an environment that happens to coincide with the child's genotype. 
C)  a child seeks out environments that reflect the child's own interests and are therefore consistent with his or her genotype. 
D)  a child's genotype limits the possible impact of environmental influences.

What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project? Discuss the costs and potential benefits of the knowledge to be gleaned from this project.

Which of the following factors are critical in determining who we become as a species?

Structural defects in the chromosomes

When an allele is biochemically marked so that it becomes silent, it is said to be

Connie and Bella are monozygotic twins who were raised separately from birth. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Tim and Tom are monozygotic twins who were separated at birth and raised in extremely different environments. Both boys had similar growth spurt patterns. This exemplifies

Tim and Tom are monozygotic twins who were raised separately from birth. Tim lived in an enriched environment and grew to be 6'1" tall. Tom lived in a deprived environment and grew to be 5'11". This exemplifies

Comparisons of sickle-cell anemia among the African-American population and the Bamba tribe in Africa suggest that

In which of the following do twin and adoption studies suggest a genetic component?

Roger has severe spatial difficulties, an elongated face, is hyperactive and is prone to anxiety. Based on this information, it is more likely that he has:

Which one of the following is second only to Down syndrome as a genetically-based cause of intellectual disability?

DNA is found in

Monozygotic means

Matty is very shy, has long arms, and an underdeveloped penis. Based on this information, it is more likely that he has:

Our genes

Which of the following sets of symptoms best characterizes cri du chat syndrome?

Currently, babies born in Canada are routinely tested for which of the following diseases?

What do Tay-Sachs disease and PKU have in common?

In Scarr's model of gene-environment interaction, an evocative relationship exists when

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 3: Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project? Discuss the costs and potential benefits of the knowledge to be gleaned from this project.

Which of the following factors are critical in determining who we become as a species?

Structural defects in the chromosomes

When an allele is biochemically marked so that it becomes silent, it is said to be

Connie and Bella are monozygotic twins who were raised separately from birth. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Tim and Tom are monozygotic twins who were separated at birth and raised in extremely different environments. Both boys had similar growth spurt patterns. This exemplifies

Tim and Tom are monozygotic twins who were raised separately from birth. Tim lived in an enriched environment and grew to be 6'1" tall. Tom lived in a deprived environment and grew to be 5'11". This exemplifies

Comparisons of sickle-cell anemia among the African-American population and the Bamba tribe in Africa suggest that

In which of the following do twin and adoption studies suggest a genetic component?

Roger has severe spatial difficulties, an elongated face, is hyperactive and is prone to anxiety. Based on this information, it is more likely that he has:

Which one of the following is second only to Down syndrome as a genetically-based cause of intellectual disability?

DNA is found in

Monozygotic means

Matty is very shy, has long arms, and an underdeveloped penis. Based on this information, it is more likely that he has:

Our genes

Which of the following sets of symptoms best characterizes cri du chat syndrome?

Currently, babies born in Canada are routinely tested for which of the following diseases?

What do Tay-Sachs disease and PKU have in common?

In Scarr's model of gene-environment interaction, an evocative relationship exists when

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters