Question 1

Which of the following claims about neonatal hearing abilities appears to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newborns cannot discriminate between the voice of their own mother and that of a female stranger. 
B)  French newborns can discriminate between a woman speaking French and the same woman, speaking Russian. 
C)  Newborns can distinguish between a story read to them repeatedly as zygotes and a story that they have not heard before. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  Newborns cannot discriminate between the voice of their own mother and that of a female stranger. 
B)  French newborns can discriminate between a woman speaking French and the same woman, speaking Russian. 
C)  Newborns can distinguish between a story read to them repeatedly as zygotes and a story that they have not heard before. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. B

Question 2

Describe the four aspects of attention outlined by Flavell and provide a concrete example for each.

Accepted Answer

The four aspects of attention outlined by Flavell are focused attention, sustained attention, selective attention, and alternating attention.

1. Focused attention: This refers to the ability to concentrate on a specific task or stimulus while ignoring distractions. An example of focused attention is a student being able to focus on reading a book despite noise in the background.

2. Sustained attention: This involves the ability to maintain focus on a task over an extended period of time. An example of sustained attention is a worker being able to stay focused on a project for several hours without becoming distracted.

3. Selective attention: This refers to the ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring others. An example of selective attention is a driver being able to focus on the road while tuning out conversations in the car.

4. Alternating attention: This involves the ability to shift focus between different tasks or stimuli. An example of alternating attention is a receptionist being able to answer phone calls while also greeting visitors and handling paperwork.

These four aspects of attention are important for cognitive functioning and can impact various aspects of daily life, such as learning, work, and safety.

Question 3

Newborns are most sensitive to sounds _____ in pitch.

Accepted Answer

A)  low 
B)  high 
C)  moderate 
D)  loud 
A)  low 
B)  high 
C)  moderate 
D)  loud A

Question 4

Of the following, who is most likely to have acquired depth perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anthony who has been using a walker 
B)  Myriam who is starting to sit up 
C)  Carol who is 2 months old 
D)  Sandra who is a newborn 
A)  Anthony who has been using a walker 
B)  Myriam who is starting to sit up 
C)  Carol who is 2 months old 
D)  Sandra who is a newborn

Question 5

Bushnell (1982) used mirrors to trick infants into touching a furry object when what they saw they were reaching for was one that was smooth. How did 8-, 9.5- and 11-month-old infants respond on such trick trials?

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the babies seemed to notice the difference. 
B)  Only the 11-month-old infants seemed surprised. 
C)  Both the 9.5- and 11-month-old infants seemed surprised. 
D)  Infants at all ages appeared surprised. 
A)  None of the babies seemed to notice the difference. 
B)  Only the 11-month-old infants seemed surprised. 
C)  Both the 9.5- and 11-month-old infants seemed surprised. 
D)  Infants at all ages appeared surprised.

Question 6

Sound localization depends in large part on the detection of a time difference between when sound waves from a single source arrive at the two ears. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  This ability is fixed at birth. 
B)  Recalibration (or readjustment) occurs in the visual modality, not in the auditory modality. 
C)  Recalibration is necessary in sound localization, because as the head grows larger, the distance between the two ears increases. 
D)  Both ears receive sound stimuli simultaneously. 
A)  This ability is fixed at birth. 
B)  Recalibration (or readjustment) occurs in the visual modality, not in the auditory modality. 
C)  Recalibration is necessary in sound localization, because as the head grows larger, the distance between the two ears increases. 
D)  Both ears receive sound stimuli simultaneously.

Question 7

The habituation technique involves repeatedly presenting a stimulus until the infant __________, then presenting a __________ different stimulus to see if the infant's attention toward it stays the same.

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes tired; very 
B)  becomes tired; slightly 
C)  stops responding to it; very 
D)  stops responding to it; slightly 
A)  becomes tired; very 
B)  becomes tired; slightly 
C)  stops responding to it; very 
D)  stops responding to it; slightly

Question 8

Experiments with the visual cliff using heart rate as the dependent measure show that infants first appear to perceive depth at

Accepted Answer

A)  2 months of age. 
B)  7 months of age. 
C)  9 months of age. 
D)  12 months of age. 
A)  2 months of age. 
B)  7 months of age. 
C)  9 months of age. 
D)  12 months of age.

Question 9

Children who are heavy television viewers often hear their parents exclaim, "If the world were to blow up, you wouldn't even notice!" Which of their children's cognitive processes do the parents appear to be most concerned about?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intelligence 
B)  Perception 
C)  Sensation 
D)  Attention 
A)  Intelligence 
B)  Perception 
C)  Sensation 
D)  Attention

Question 10

The developmental changes that occur during the first year of life in visual and auditory perception are discussed separately in the text. Organize this information by describing the sequence of changes in the two modalities in chronological order. Integrate concurrent developments in the two modalities in your description.

Accepted Answer

During the first year of life, infants u

Question 11

The detection and discrimination of sensory information is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation. 
B)  attention. 
C)  recognition. 
D)  perception. 
A)  sensation. 
B)  attention. 
C)  recognition. 
D)  perception.

Question 12

Melanie is participating in a research study on the fetus' ability to hear and react to sound. She is 34 weeks pregnant and her fetus is not yet responding to auditory stimuli. Which of the following responses is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fetus should react to the auditory stimuli in the next few weeks 
B)  The baby is likely to be born with a hearing deficit 
C)  Fetuses do not react to auditory stimuli in utero, they only hear after birth 
D)  The fetus is choosing not to respond to the auditory stimuli 
A)  The fetus should react to the auditory stimuli in the next few weeks 
B)  The baby is likely to be born with a hearing deficit 
C)  Fetuses do not react to auditory stimuli in utero, they only hear after birth 
D)  The fetus is choosing not to respond to the auditory stimuli

Question 13

Describe the different visual cues that babies use in depth perception and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Babies use a variety of visual cues to d

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of relative stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A puzzle-box 
B)  A rattle 
C)  A squeaky-toy 
D)  Perfume 
A)  A puzzle-box 
B)  A rattle 
C)  A squeaky-toy 
D)  Perfume

Question 15

Evidence shows that parents can recognize their newborns through

Accepted Answer

A)  smell. 
B)  touch. 
C)  the newborn's movements. 
D)  None of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  smell. 
B)  touch. 
C)  the newborn's movements. 
D)  None of the alternatives are correct.

Question 16

Evidence suggests that the ability to smell odours is unambiguously present by

Accepted Answer

A)  2 months post-conception. 
B)  6 months post-conception. 
C)  7 months post-conception. 
D)  birth. 
A)  2 months post-conception. 
B)  6 months post-conception. 
C)  7 months post-conception. 
D)  birth.

Question 17

Meltzoff and Borton (1979) had 1-month-olds suck on a nubby or smooth nipple. They later measured the babies' looking times at pictures of smooth and nubby nipples. If visual-haptic relations are coordinated in 1-month-olds, in theory, infants should

Accepted Answer

A)  look longer at the nipple they had sucked. 
B)  reach out to the nipple they had not sucked. 
C)  spit out the nubby nipple, but not the smooth nipple. 
D)  look longer at the nubby nipple if they sucked on the smooth nipple, and vice versa. 
A)  look longer at the nipple they had sucked. 
B)  reach out to the nipple they had not sucked. 
C)  spit out the nubby nipple, but not the smooth nipple. 
D)  look longer at the nubby nipple if they sucked on the smooth nipple, and vice versa.

Question 18

Brian is participating in a pain measurement study in children. Which of the following movements is considered to be part of pain expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nose wrinkle 
B)  Smiling 
C)  Brow higher 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct 
A)  Nose wrinkle 
B)  Smiling 
C)  Brow higher 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct

Question 19

According to research cited in your textbook (e.g., by Kagan), at what age do infants start to attend most to things that seem surprising or discrepant from what they know?

Accepted Answer

A)  Under 3 months of age 
B)  After 3 months of age 
C)  Between 8 and 12 months of age 
D)  Researchers have not been able to answer this question. 
A)  Under 3 months of age 
B)  After 3 months of age 
C)  Between 8 and 12 months of age 
D)  Researchers have not been able to answer this question.

Question 20

Which of the following is true concerning attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulant drugs such as Ritalin are no longer prescribed to treat ADHD. 
B)  The most effective treatment for ADHD combines medication with changes in the child's environment. 
C)  Most children outgrow ADHD, so the currently accepted treatment is to do nothing about it. 
D)  Operant conditioning, modelling, and family-oriented approached are not effective in treating ADHD. 
A)  Stimulant drugs such as Ritalin are no longer prescribed to treat ADHD. 
B)  The most effective treatment for ADHD combines medication with changes in the child's environment. 
C)  Most children outgrow ADHD, so the currently accepted treatment is to do nothing about it. 
D)  Operant conditioning, modelling, and family-oriented approached are not effective in treating ADHD.

Which of the following claims about neonatal hearing abilities appears to be true?

Describe the four aspects of attention outlined by Flavell and provide a concrete example for each.

Newborns are most sensitive to sounds _____ in pitch.

Of the following, who is most likely to have acquired depth perception?

Bushnell (1982) used mirrors to trick infants into touching a furry object when what they saw they were reaching for was one that was smooth. How did 8-, 9.5- and 11-month-old infants respond on such trick trials?

Sound localization depends in large part on the detection of a time difference between when sound waves from a single source arrive at the two ears. Which of the following is true?

The habituation technique involves repeatedly presenting a stimulus until the infant , then presenting a different stimulus to see if the infant's attention toward it stays the same.

Experiments with the visual cliff using heart rate as the dependent measure show that infants first appear to perceive depth at

Children who are heavy television viewers often hear their parents exclaim, "If the world were to blow up, you wouldn't even notice!" Which of their children's cognitive processes do the parents appear to be most concerned about?

The detection and discrimination of sensory information is referred to as

Melanie is participating in a research study on the fetus' ability to hear and react to sound. She is 34 weeks pregnant and her fetus is not yet responding to auditory stimuli. Which of the following responses is correct?

Describe the different visual cues that babies use in depth perception and give an example of each.

Which of the following is an example of relative stimulation?

Evidence shows that parents can recognize their newborns through

Evidence suggests that the ability to smell odours is unambiguously present by

Meltzoff and Borton (1979) had 1-month-olds suck on a nubby or smooth nipple. They later measured the babies' looking times at pictures of smooth and nubby nipples. If visual-haptic relations are coordinated in 1-month-olds, in theory, infants should

Brian is participating in a pain measurement study in children. Which of the following movements is considered to be part of pain expression?

According to research cited in your textbook (e.g., by Kagan), at what age do infants start to attend most to things that seem surprising or discrepant from what they know?

Which of the following is true concerning attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 7: Sensory and Perceptual Development

Which of the following claims about neonatal hearing abilities appears to be true?

Describe the four aspects of attention outlined by Flavell and provide a concrete example for each.

Newborns are most sensitive to sounds _____ in pitch.

Of the following, who is most likely to have acquired depth perception?

Bushnell (1982) used mirrors to trick infants into touching a furry object when what they saw they were reaching for was one that was smooth. How did 8-, 9.5- and 11-month-old infants respond on such trick trials?

Sound localization depends in large part on the detection of a time difference between when sound waves from a single source arrive at the two ears. Which of the following is true?

The habituation technique involves repeatedly presenting a stimulus until the infant __________, then presenting a __________ different stimulus to see if the infant's attention toward it stays the same.

Experiments with the visual cliff using heart rate as the dependent measure show that infants first appear to perceive depth at

Children who are heavy television viewers often hear their parents exclaim, "If the world were to blow up, you wouldn't even notice!" Which of their children's cognitive processes do the parents appear to be most concerned about?

The detection and discrimination of sensory information is referred to as

Melanie is participating in a research study on the fetus' ability to hear and react to sound. She is 34 weeks pregnant and her fetus is not yet responding to auditory stimuli. Which of the following responses is correct?

Describe the different visual cues that babies use in depth perception and give an example of each.

Which of the following is an example of relative stimulation?

Evidence shows that parents can recognize their newborns through

Evidence suggests that the ability to smell odours is unambiguously present by

Meltzoff and Borton (1979) had 1-month-olds suck on a nubby or smooth nipple. They later measured the babies' looking times at pictures of smooth and nubby nipples. If visual-haptic relations are coordinated in 1-month-olds, in theory, infants should

Brian is participating in a pain measurement study in children. Which of the following movements is considered to be part of pain expression?

According to research cited in your textbook (e.g., by Kagan), at what age do infants start to attend most to things that seem surprising or discrepant from what they know?

Which of the following is true concerning attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

The habituation technique involves repeatedly presenting a stimulus until the infant , then presenting a different stimulus to see if the infant's attention toward it stays the same.