Question 1

Including a quasi-independent variable in your research allows you to:

Accepted Answer

A)  test the generality of your findings across the levels of the quasi-independent variable. 
B)  reduce error variance by segregating the data into groups of participants who responded in similar fashion to the manipulation. 
C)  analyze within-subjects and between-subjects factors in the same design. 
D)  test the generality of your findings across the levels of the quasi-independent variable and reduce error variance by segregating the data into groups of participants who responded in similar fashion to the manipulation. 
A)  test the generality of your findings across the levels of the quasi-independent variable. 
B)  reduce error variance by segregating the data into groups of participants who responded in similar fashion to the manipulation. 
C)  analyze within-subjects and between-subjects factors in the same design. 
D)  test the generality of your findings across the levels of the quasi-independent variable and reduce error variance by segregating the data into groups of participants who responded in similar fashion to the manipulation.

Question 2

Which of the following designs is a quasi-experimental strategy and is most appropriate when the effects of a treatment are temporary or transient?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Solomon four-group design 
B)  The cohort-sequential design 
C)  The equivalent time samples design 
D)  The cross-sectional design 
A)  The Solomon four-group design 
B)  The cohort-sequential design 
C)  The equivalent time samples design 
D)  The cross-sectional design

Question 3

A nested design is useful when testing subjects individually rather than in large groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

To ensure internal validity of a pretest-posttest design, you must:

Accepted Answer

A)  include a large sample of subjects. 
B)  include control groups that are not exposed to your treatment. 
C)  conduct your research in your subjects' natural environment. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  include a large sample of subjects. 
B)  include control groups that are not exposed to your treatment. 
C)  conduct your research in your subjects' natural environment. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Cross-generational effects are not a problem for longitudinal designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The cohort-sequential design embodies the features of both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

By including a covariate in your experimental design, you can effectively:

Accepted Answer

A)  include multiple quasi-independent variables in a single experiment. 
B)  subtract out the influence of a covariate from your dependent variable. 
C)  add the influence of a covariate to your independent variable. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  include multiple quasi-independent variables in a single experiment. 
B)  subtract out the influence of a covariate from your dependent variable. 
C)  add the influence of a covariate to your independent variable. 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

A major drawback of quasi-experimental research is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  you can study only one variable at a time. 
B)  tight experimental controls often disrupt naturally occurring behavior. 
C)  the results obtained often have too much external validity. 
D)  you have no control over potential confounding variables. 
A)  you can study only one variable at a time. 
B)  tight experimental controls often disrupt naturally occurring behavior. 
C)  the results obtained often have too much external validity. 
D)  you have no control over potential confounding variables.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about longitudinal designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are plagued by the problem of generation effects. 
B)  In these designs, multiple observations of the same participants are made across time. 
C)  They help determine factors other than age that influence the observed changes in behavior. 
D)  In these designs, conclusions drawn from the study of a particular generation easily apply to another generation. 
A)  They are plagued by the problem of generation effects. 
B)  In these designs, multiple observations of the same participants are made across time. 
C)  They help determine factors other than age that influence the observed changes in behavior. 
D)  In these designs, conclusions drawn from the study of a particular generation easily apply to another generation.

Question 10

An advantage of quasi-experimental designs is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  allow you to evaluate the impact of a quasi-independent variable under naturally occurring conditions. 
B)  include sufficient controls so that internal validity is preserved. 
C)  are sufficiently general to allow you to ignore issues of external validity. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  allow you to evaluate the impact of a quasi-independent variable under naturally occurring conditions. 
B)  include sufficient controls so that internal validity is preserved. 
C)  are sufficiently general to allow you to ignore issues of external validity. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

In time series designs, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  participants are not exposed to any treatment 
B)  observations are made before and after the introduction of a treatment 
C)  time is an independent variable 
D)  both experimental and control groups are included 
A)  participants are not exposed to any treatment 
B)  observations are made before and after the introduction of a treatment 
C)  time is an independent variable 
D)  both experimental and control groups are included

Question 12

The major problems with quasi experiments relate to issues of internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the nonequivalent control group design, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a time series component is included along with a control group that is not exposed to your treatment 
B)  observations are made only after introducing your treatment 
C)  observations are made only before introducing your treatment to a control group 
D)  periods of observation are alternated with repeated introductions of your treatment 
A)  a time series component is included along with a control group that is not exposed to your treatment 
B)  observations are made only after introducing your treatment 
C)  observations are made only before introducing your treatment to a control group 
D)  periods of observation are alternated with repeated introductions of your treatment

Question 14

Outline the general properties of the cohort-sequential design. What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Accepted Answer

The cohort-sequential design is a resear

Question 15

The Solomon four-group design:

Accepted Answer

A)  is used to eliminate the sensitization effects of a pretest. 
B)  is used to control history effects in a pretest-posttest design. 
C)  is used to test for any possible sensitization effects of a pretest. 
D)  eliminates the need for a pretest. 
A)  is used to eliminate the sensitization effects of a pretest. 
B)  is used to control history effects in a pretest-posttest design. 
C)  is used to test for any possible sensitization effects of a pretest. 
D)  eliminates the need for a pretest.

Question 16

_____ allow you to mix within-subjects and between-subjects components.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mixed designs 
B)  Nested designs 
C)  Combined designs 
D)  Both mixed and nested designs 
A)  Mixed designs 
B)  Nested designs 
C)  Combined designs 
D)  Both mixed and nested designs

Question 17

The essence of the nonequivalent control group design is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  its validity remains unaffected even if both groups differ on some important variable before a study begins. 
B)  a comparable group of subjects is chosen and observed for the same period as the group for which a treatment is introduced. 
C)  when selecting groups on the basis of extreme scores on a pretest, a shift of posttest scores toward the less extreme values is because of the effect of a treatment. 
D)  groups are created based on the chronological ages of the participants at the time of a study. 
A)  its validity remains unaffected even if both groups differ on some important variable before a study begins. 
B)  a comparable group of subjects is chosen and observed for the same period as the group for which a treatment is introduced. 
C)  when selecting groups on the basis of extreme scores on a pretest, a shift of posttest scores toward the less extreme values is because of the effect of a treatment. 
D)  groups are created based on the chronological ages of the participants at the time of a study.

Question 18

Many time series designs employ archival data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In _____ designs, you chart changes in behavior as a function of some naturally occurring event.

Accepted Answer

A)  interrupted time series 
B)  time series 
C)  time samples 
D)  Solomon four-group 
A)  interrupted time series 
B)  time series 
C)  time samples 
D)  Solomon four-group

Question 20

Describe a nested design with an example. List the advantages and disadvantages of this design.

Accepted Answer

A nested design is a type of experimenta

Including a quasi-independent variable in your research allows you to:

Which of the following designs is a quasi-experimental strategy and is most appropriate when the effects of a treatment are temporary or transient?

A nested design is useful when testing subjects individually rather than in large groups.

To ensure internal validity of a pretest-posttest design, you must:

Cross-generational effects are not a problem for longitudinal designs.

The cohort-sequential design embodies the features of both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal designs.

By including a covariate in your experimental design, you can effectively:

A major drawback of quasi-experimental research is that:

Which of the following statements is true about longitudinal designs?

An advantage of quasi-experimental designs is that they:

In time series designs, _____.

The major problems with quasi experiments relate to issues of internal validity.

In the nonequivalent control group design, _____.

Outline the general properties of the cohort-sequential design. What are its advantages and disadvantages?

The Solomon four-group design:

_____ allow you to mix within-subjects and between-subjects components.

The essence of the nonequivalent control group design is that:

Many time series designs employ archival data.

In _____ designs, you chart changes in behavior as a function of some naturally occurring event.

Describe a nested design with an example. List the advantages and disadvantages of this design.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

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Exam 11: Using Specialized Research Designs

Including a quasi-independent variable in your research allows you to:

Which of the following designs is a quasi-experimental strategy and is most appropriate when the effects of a treatment are temporary or transient?

A nested design is useful when testing subjects individually rather than in large groups.

To ensure internal validity of a pretest-posttest design, you must:

Cross-generational effects are not a problem for longitudinal designs.

The cohort-sequential design embodies the features of both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal designs.

By including a covariate in your experimental design, you can effectively:

A major drawback of quasi-experimental research is that:

Which of the following statements is true about longitudinal designs?

An advantage of quasi-experimental designs is that they:

In time series designs, _____.

The major problems with quasi experiments relate to issues of internal validity.

In the nonequivalent control group design, _____.

Outline the general properties of the cohort-sequential design. What are its advantages and disadvantages?

The Solomon four-group design:

_____ allow you to mix within-subjects and between-subjects components.

The essence of the nonequivalent control group design is that:

Many time series designs employ archival data.

In _____ designs, you chart changes in behavior as a function of some naturally occurring event.

Describe a nested design with an example. List the advantages and disadvantages of this design.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters