Question 1

Submission of a research proposal to an institutional review board (IRB) is totally voluntary in institutions that receive federal funding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Motivation to commit fraud in research may stem from the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  desire to publish in prestigious journals 
B)  pressure to obtain publications necessary for tenure 
C)  pressure to obtain scarce research funding 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  desire to publish in prestigious journals 
B)  pressure to obtain publications necessary for tenure 
C)  pressure to obtain scarce research funding 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

Psychologists have no obligation to offer participants a prompt opportunity to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In the context of the Belmont Report, which of the following is a component of beneficence?

Accepted Answer

A)  To protect the well-being of research participants 
B)  To discourage the submission of raw data 
C)  To assure the voluntary participation of research participants 
D)  To treat research participants as capable decision makers 
A)  To protect the well-being of research participants 
B)  To discourage the submission of raw data 
C)  To assure the voluntary participation of research participants 
D)  To treat research participants as capable decision makers

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about an institutional review board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is important because it allows a group of individuals who do not have a vested interest in your research to screen your study. 
B)  It helps to protect you, your participants, and the sponsoring institution from legal liability for any harm that comes to people as a result of participation in your research. 
C)  It eliminates the need for you to conduct a cost-benefit assessment of your research. 
D)  It is important because it allows a group of individuals who do not have a vested interest in your research to screen your study, and its review and approval provide protection for you, your participants, and the sponsoring institution. 
A)  It is important because it allows a group of individuals who do not have a vested interest in your research to screen your study. 
B)  It helps to protect you, your participants, and the sponsoring institution from legal liability for any harm that comes to people as a result of participation in your research. 
C)  It eliminates the need for you to conduct a cost-benefit assessment of your research. 
D)  It is important because it allows a group of individuals who do not have a vested interest in your research to screen your study, and its review and approval provide protection for you, your participants, and the sponsoring institution.

Question 6

Imagine that you are a member of an IRB and have to review a proposal for an experiment that uses human participants. With specific reference to the APA ethical guidelines, what specific points would you consider to ensure that the participants are being treated ethically?

Accepted Answer

As a member of an Institutional Review B

Question 7

According to Uri Simonsohn of the University of Pennsylvania, it is easy to detect fraud using raw data, and he advocates for posting raw data publically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What kinds of Internet research pose ethical problems not covered particularly well by traditional ethical guidelines? Describe the ethical issues that arise when entering an online forum to study the interactions among the participants.

Accepted Answer

One kind of Internet research that poses

Question 9

Psychologists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation when such inducements are likely to coerce participation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Materials that people post on social media, such as Facebook or Twitter, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are "public" in nature, and their use in research does not require informed consent by page owners 
B)  may include postings by "third parties," thereby complicating the issue of whether informed consent is required 
C)  may not be used for research purposes under any circumstance 
D)  can be used in research without informed consent as long as the names of the people who have posted the materials remain confidential 
A)  are "public" in nature, and their use in research does not require informed consent by page owners 
B)  may include postings by "third parties," thereby complicating the issue of whether informed consent is required 
C)  may not be used for research purposes under any circumstance 
D)  can be used in research without informed consent as long as the names of the people who have posted the materials remain confidential

Question 11

Which of the following is a disadvantage of an institutional review board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It fails to protect psychologists from liabilities in case participants suffer harm during research. 
B)  IRB review adds to the costs of doing research and leads to delay in conducting research. 
C)  It discourages communication between researchers and its members, thereby reducing collaboration during research. 
D)  IRB review fails to determine if the benefits of a research outweigh the potential risks to participants. 
A)  It fails to protect psychologists from liabilities in case participants suffer harm during research. 
B)  IRB review adds to the costs of doing research and leads to delay in conducting research. 
C)  It discourages communication between researchers and its members, thereby reducing collaboration during research. 
D)  IRB review fails to determine if the benefits of a research outweigh the potential risks to participants.

Question 12

According to Pittenger (2003), the Internet can be considered equivalent to a public place like a shopping mall because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Internet use is now so common that users should understand that it does not afford privacy. 
B)  people can easily maintain anonymity by using a pseudonym that cannot be traced back to reveal their identity. 
C)  the exchange of information in open, public Internet forums does not fall under the heading of research that requires informed consent and can be legitimately studied as long as there is no potential harm to participants. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Internet use is now so common that users should understand that it does not afford privacy. 
B)  people can easily maintain anonymity by using a pseudonym that cannot be traced back to reveal their identity. 
C)  the exchange of information in open, public Internet forums does not fall under the heading of research that requires informed consent and can be legitimately studied as long as there is no potential harm to participants. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles that apply to human research participants, informed consent may be dispensed with only:

Accepted Answer

A)  where research would not reasonably be assumed to cause distress or harm. 
B)  when information provided to obtain informed consent would cause individuals to refuse participation. 
C)  if investigators feel that the potential benefits of research outweigh any harm that may befall the participants. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  where research would not reasonably be assumed to cause distress or harm. 
B)  when information provided to obtain informed consent would cause individuals to refuse participation. 
C)  if investigators feel that the potential benefits of research outweigh any harm that may befall the participants. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Bell (1992) suggested that exactly quantifying research fraud may be difficult because:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers who suspect that a colleague is falsifying data may not bother to report it. 
B)  liabilities associated with "blowing the whistle" can be quite severe. 
C)  nobody cares about research fraud since it doesn't hurt anyone. 
D)  researchers who suspect that a colleague is falsifying data may not report it and liabilities associated with "blowing the whistle" can be quite severe. 
A)  researchers who suspect that a colleague is falsifying data may not bother to report it. 
B)  liabilities associated with "blowing the whistle" can be quite severe. 
C)  nobody cares about research fraud since it doesn't hurt anyone. 
D)  researchers who suspect that a colleague is falsifying data may not report it and liabilities associated with "blowing the whistle" can be quite severe.

Question 15

According to the principles for ethical Internet research practice, ethical issues must be addressed at every stage of the research process, including designing the study, conducting the study, and disseminating the results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

"Dehoaxing" means that you:

Accepted Answer

A)  explain to your participants the purpose of your study and ask for their consent to participate in it. 
B)  explain to your participants the methods used in your study, including any deception. 
C)  convince your participants that the deception used in your study was necessary and take steps to reverse any ill effects of being deceived. 
D)  convince your participants that crop circles are not created by aliens. 
A)  explain to your participants the purpose of your study and ask for their consent to participate in it. 
B)  explain to your participants the methods used in your study, including any deception. 
C)  convince your participants that the deception used in your study was necessary and take steps to reverse any ill effects of being deceived. 
D)  convince your participants that crop circles are not created by aliens.

Question 17

Discuss the problem of fraud in science, including its definition, prevalence, and possible solutions.

Accepted Answer

Fraud in science refers to the deliberat

Question 18

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles that apply to human research participants, informed consent when required should include:

Accepted Answer

A)  participants' right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the research once participation has begun. 
B)  the foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing. 
C)  reasonably foreseeable factors that may be expected to influence participants' willingness to participate. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  participants' right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the research once participation has begun. 
B)  the foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing. 
C)  reasonably foreseeable factors that may be expected to influence participants' willingness to participate. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

In 1954, Vinacke wrote a letter to the editor of the American Psychologist:

Accepted Answer

A)  regarding the overreliance on college students as participants in psychological research. 
B)  about the problem of nonrandom sampling in most psychological research. 
C)  about the general tendency of researchers to be more concerned with treating participants ethically rather than with proper experimental procedures. 
D)  taking psychologists to task for a lack of concern over the welfare of their research participants. 
A)  regarding the overreliance on college students as participants in psychological research. 
B)  about the problem of nonrandom sampling in most psychological research. 
C)  about the general tendency of researchers to be more concerned with treating participants ethically rather than with proper experimental procedures. 
D)  taking psychologists to task for a lack of concern over the welfare of their research participants.

Question 20

Unlike research using human participants, research using animal subjects does not require review and approval by an institutional committee before being carried out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Submission of a research proposal to an institutional review board (IRB) is totally voluntary in institutions that receive federal funding.

Motivation to commit fraud in research may stem from the _____.

Psychologists have no obligation to offer participants a prompt opportunity to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of research.

In the context of the Belmont Report, which of the following is a component of beneficence?

Which of the following statements is true about an institutional review board (IRB)?

Imagine that you are a member of an IRB and have to review a proposal for an experiment that uses human participants. With specific reference to the APA ethical guidelines, what specific points would you consider to ensure that the participants are being treated ethically?

According to Uri Simonsohn of the University of Pennsylvania, it is easy to detect fraud using raw data, and he advocates for posting raw data publically.

What kinds of Internet research pose ethical problems not covered particularly well by traditional ethical guidelines? Describe the ethical issues that arise when entering an online forum to study the interactions among the participants.

Psychologists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation when such inducements are likely to coerce participation.

Materials that people post on social media, such as Facebook or Twitter, _____.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of an institutional review board (IRB)?

According to Pittenger (2003), the Internet can be considered equivalent to a public place like a shopping mall because:

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles that apply to human research participants, informed consent may be dispensed with only:

Bell (1992) suggested that exactly quantifying research fraud may be difficult because:

According to the principles for ethical Internet research practice, ethical issues must be addressed at every stage of the research process, including designing the study, conducting the study, and disseminating the results.

"Dehoaxing" means that you:

Discuss the problem of fraud in science, including its definition, prevalence, and possible solutions.

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles that apply to human research participants, informed consent when required should include:

In 1954, Vinacke wrote a letter to the editor of the American Psychologist:

Unlike research using human participants, research using animal subjects does not require review and approval by an institutional committee before being carried out.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters

Exam 7: Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process

Submission of a research proposal to an institutional review board (IRB) is totally voluntary in institutions that receive federal funding.

Motivation to commit fraud in research may stem from the _____.

Psychologists have no obligation to offer participants a prompt opportunity to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of research.

In the context of the Belmont Report, which of the following is a component of beneficence?

Which of the following statements is true about an institutional review board (IRB)?

Imagine that you are a member of an IRB and have to review a proposal for an experiment that uses human participants. With specific reference to the APA ethical guidelines, what specific points would you consider to ensure that the participants are being treated ethically?

According to Uri Simonsohn of the University of Pennsylvania, it is easy to detect fraud using raw data, and he advocates for posting raw data publically.

What kinds of Internet research pose ethical problems not covered particularly well by traditional ethical guidelines? Describe the ethical issues that arise when entering an online forum to study the interactions among the participants.

Psychologists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation when such inducements are likely to coerce participation.

Materials that people post on social media, such as Facebook or Twitter, _____.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of an institutional review board (IRB)?

According to Pittenger (2003), the Internet can be considered equivalent to a public place like a shopping mall because:

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles that apply to human research participants, informed consent may be dispensed with only:

Bell (1992) suggested that exactly quantifying research fraud may be difficult because:

According to the principles for ethical Internet research practice, ethical issues must be addressed at every stage of the research process, including designing the study, conducting the study, and disseminating the results.

"Dehoaxing" means that you:

Discuss the problem of fraud in science, including its definition, prevalence, and possible solutions.

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles that apply to human research participants, informed consent when required should include:

In 1954, Vinacke wrote a letter to the editor of the American Psychologist:

Unlike research using human participants, research using animal subjects does not require review and approval by an institutional committee before being carried out.

Explaining Behavior

Developing and Evaluating Theories of Behavior

Getting Ideas for Research

Choosing a Research Design

Making Systematic Observations

Choosing and Using Research Subjects

Doing Nonexperimental Research

Doing Survey Research

Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects Experimental Designs

Using Specialized Research Designs

Using Single-Subject Designs

Describing Data

Using Inferential Statistics

Using Multivariate Design and Analysis

Reporting Your Research Results

Filters