Question 1

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs because we often

Accepted Answer

A)  work to revise our schemas when necessary. 
B)  act based on our schemas. 
C)  distort our perception of reality to support our schemas. 
D)  abandon our schemas when we're under pressure. 
A)  work to revise our schemas when necessary. 
B)  act based on our schemas. 
C)  distort our perception of reality to support our schemas. 
D)  abandon our schemas when we're under pressure.

Question 2

Your roommate is interested in dating Chris, whom you know from a history class.Your roommate asks if you think Chris is generally a considerate person.You remember how Chris lent you notes when you missed class last week, and tell your roommate you think Chris is very considerate.In making your judgment, you have relied upon the ________ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness 
B)  base rate 
C)  availability 
D)  counterfactual thinking 
A)  representativeness 
B)  base rate 
C)  availability 
D)  counterfactual thinking

Question 3

Researchers Miyamoto, Nisbett, and Masuda compared photographs of city scenes in the U.S.and Japan.They found that on average, city scenes in Japan contained more

Accepted Answer

A)  businesses and advertisements. 
B)  people and residences. 
C)  objects and information. 
D)  buildings and concrete. 
A)  businesses and advertisements. 
B)  people and residences. 
C)  objects and information. 
D)  buildings and concrete.

Question 4

Professor Chadwick is young and looks even younger than his years.He dresses in jeans, grubby tennis shoes, and Hawaiian print shirts.One day in the hallway, he strikes up a conversation with a student.During the conversation, the student begins to complain about the poor teaching of the faculty in the department and about the bad things he's heard about the course that Professor Chadwick teaches.Needless to say, when the student finds out he was actually talking to a professor, he feels embarrassed and avoids Professor Chadwick.What is the moral of this story?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students should be seen and not heard. 
B)  Schemas may make us efficient, but sometimes at a cost in accuracy. 
C)  Heuristics make us more efficient, but only if we apply them to schemas. 
D)  The world would be a better place if people abandoned their schemas altogether. 
A)  Students should be seen and not heard. 
B)  Schemas may make us efficient, but sometimes at a cost in accuracy. 
C)  Heuristics make us more efficient, but only if we apply them to schemas. 
D)  The world would be a better place if people abandoned their schemas altogether.

Question 5

Nao was raised in Japan, and is walking through Times Square in New York City.Based on results from Nisbett's studies on cultural differences in thinking styles, which of the following would Nao be most likely to notice relative to people raised in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of people 
B)  the advertisements 
C)  the number of homeless people 
D)  how the buildings are arranged relative to each other 
A)  the number of people 
B)  the advertisements 
C)  the number of homeless people 
D)  how the buildings are arranged relative to each other

Question 6

The availability heuristic is associated with which of the following characteristics of schemas?

Accepted Answer

A)  elaboration 
B)  differentiation 
C)  accessibility 
D)  clarity 
A)  elaboration 
B)  differentiation 
C)  accessibility 
D)  clarity

Question 7

Which of the following does not describe a schema?

Accepted Answer

A)  organizes the social world 
B)  fills in the gaps of the social world 
C)  makes sense of the social world 
D)  increases the accessibility of a trait 
A)  organizes the social world 
B)  fills in the gaps of the social world 
C)  makes sense of the social world 
D)  increases the accessibility of a trait

Question 8

Researchers asked some participants to think of six times they had behaved assertively and asked other participants to think of twelve times they had behaved assertively, and then asked all participants to rate how assertive they thought they really were.Participants who tried to generate six examples of assertive behaviors rated themselves as more assertive than did participants who tried to generate twelve examples.Why? Schwarz suggests that participants

Accepted Answer

A)  who could generate twelve examples were really more assertive, or else they couldn't come up with the examples. 
B)  asked to think of twelve examples didn't have time to complete the experimental task. 
C)  asked to generate six examples could do so more easily than participants who were asked to generate twelve. 
D)  who were asked to generate six examples were more likely to use the representativeness heuristic. 
A)  who could generate twelve examples were really more assertive, or else they couldn't come up with the examples. 
B)  asked to think of twelve examples didn't have time to complete the experimental task. 
C)  asked to generate six examples could do so more easily than participants who were asked to generate twelve. 
D)  who were asked to generate six examples were more likely to use the representativeness heuristic.

Question 9

Wegner (2002, 2004) compared the illusion of free will to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the "correlation does not equal causation" problem 
B)  the representativeness heuristic 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  the interjudge reliability effect 
A)  the "correlation does not equal causation" problem 
B)  the representativeness heuristic 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  the interjudge reliability effect

Question 10

Parents seldom spend a lot of time explaining to their children how to ride a bicycle.Instead, they often get a bike with training wheels and let the children learn for themselves how to ride a bike.This is because our understanding about how to ride a bicycle is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic thinking, which is difficult to describe to someone else. 
B)  controlled thinking that can only be learned by experience. 
C)  intuition, which is difficult to express in language that a child can understand. 
D)  personal experience that is not likely to be believed by the child. 
A)  automatic thinking, which is difficult to describe to someone else. 
B)  controlled thinking that can only be learned by experience. 
C)  intuition, which is difficult to express in language that a child can understand. 
D)  personal experience that is not likely to be believed by the child.

Question 11

If your professor asks you to list ten ways to improve the course and you cannot do it, how will that affect your course ratings overall?

Accepted Answer

A)  You will feel the same as if you weren't asked to list any improvements. 
B)  You will feel negatively about the course. 
C)  You will feel positively about the course. 
D)  You will feel neutrally about the course. 
A)  You will feel the same as if you weren't asked to list any improvements. 
B)  You will feel negatively about the course. 
C)  You will feel positively about the course. 
D)  You will feel neutrally about the course.

Question 12

We are most likely to rely on schemas when the situation we confront is

Accepted Answer

A)  arousing. 
B)  ambiguous. 
C)  exciting. 
D)  forgettable. 
A)  arousing. 
B)  ambiguous. 
C)  exciting. 
D)  forgettable.

Question 13

Self-fulfilling prophecies most often are a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  deliberate attempts by people to confirm their schemas. 
B)  inadvertent and unconscious influences of individuals' schemas. 
C)  deliberate attempts to treat people in an unbiased manner. 
D)  priming. 
A)  deliberate attempts by people to confirm their schemas. 
B)  inadvertent and unconscious influences of individuals' schemas. 
C)  deliberate attempts to treat people in an unbiased manner. 
D)  priming.

Question 14

Controlled processes such as counterfactual thinking can have their benefits and drawbacks.First, discuss what is meant by the term "counterfactual thinking," then explain how this phenomenon can be beneficial and how it can be detrimental.

Accepted Answer

Counterfactual thinking is the process o

Question 15

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text, when participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others, they behaved

Accepted Answer

A)  more selflessly. 
B)  more selfishly. 
C)  selflessly, but only if they themselves were religious. 
D)  unpredictably, because the researchers used an ineffective prime. 
A)  more selflessly. 
B)  more selfishly. 
C)  selflessly, but only if they themselves were religious. 
D)  unpredictably, because the researchers used an ineffective prime.

Question 16

When asked to guess whether Mark is from Montana or California, you guess California because more people live in California.You have used ________ in making your decision.

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic 
B)  base rate information 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  counterfactual thinking 
A)  the representativeness heuristic 
B)  base rate information 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  counterfactual thinking

Question 17

In a controlled experiment, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers") would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year.In reality, the "bloomers" were chosen randomly by the researchers, and were no smarter than any of the other students.Which of the following best describes the results of this study? At the end of the year,

Accepted Answer

A)  bloomers and non-bloomers performed equally well on an IQ test. 
B)  bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did non-bloomers. 
C)  non-bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did bloomers. 
D)  there were no IQ differences between bloomers and non-bloomers, but the bloomers were more interested in school. 
A)  bloomers and non-bloomers performed equally well on an IQ test. 
B)  bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did non-bloomers. 
C)  non-bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did bloomers. 
D)  there were no IQ differences between bloomers and non-bloomers, but the bloomers were more interested in school.

Question 18

Schemas are most helpful when the situation we confront is

Accepted Answer

A)  arousing. 
B)  ambiguous. 
C)  exciting. 
D)  forgettable. 
A)  arousing. 
B)  ambiguous. 
C)  exciting. 
D)  forgettable.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true about the difference between automatic and controlled thinking? Automatic thinking tends to be ________, whereas controlled thinking tends to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonconscious; conscious 
B)  unintentional; intentional 
C)  involuntary; voluntary 
D)  inaccurate; accurate 
A)  nonconscious; conscious 
B)  unintentional; intentional 
C)  involuntary; voluntary 
D)  inaccurate; accurate

Question 20

The textbook discusses facilitated communication, a technique that has been touted as allowing communication-impaired people to express themselves via a keyboard operated with the help of a facilitator.In fact, the technique

Accepted Answer

A)  has been scientifically validated and is cited as an example of the successful application of ideas about automatic processing. 
B)  is controversial, with evidence both for and against its effectiveness, and is cited as an example of the limits of the scientific method. 
C)  was discredited since scientific evidence indicated that in fact, the facilitators unknowingly communicated their own responses rather than those of the other. 
D)  has been superseded by a more powerful technique and is used as an example of the pace of scientific progress. 
A)  has been scientifically validated and is cited as an example of the successful application of ideas about automatic processing. 
B)  is controversial, with evidence both for and against its effectiveness, and is cited as an example of the limits of the scientific method. 
C)  was discredited since scientific evidence indicated that in fact, the facilitators unknowingly communicated their own responses rather than those of the other. 
D)  has been superseded by a more powerful technique and is used as an example of the pace of scientific progress.

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs because we often

Researchers Miyamoto, Nisbett, and Masuda compared photographs of city scenes in the U.S.and Japan.They found that on average, city scenes in Japan contained more

Nao was raised in Japan, and is walking through Times Square in New York City.Based on results from Nisbett's studies on cultural differences in thinking styles, which of the following would Nao be most likely to notice relative to people raised in the U.S.?

The availability heuristic is associated with which of the following characteristics of schemas?

Which of the following does not describe a schema?

Wegner (2002, 2004) compared the illusion of free will to which of the following?

Parents seldom spend a lot of time explaining to their children how to ride a bicycle.Instead, they often get a bike with training wheels and let the children learn for themselves how to ride a bike.This is because our understanding about how to ride a bicycle is based on

If your professor asks you to list ten ways to improve the course and you cannot do it, how will that affect your course ratings overall?

We are most likely to rely on schemas when the situation we confront is

Self-fulfilling prophecies most often are a result of

Controlled processes such as counterfactual thinking can have their benefits and drawbacks.First, discuss what is meant by the term "counterfactual thinking," then explain how this phenomenon can be beneficial and how it can be detrimental.

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text, when participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others, they behaved

When asked to guess whether Mark is from Montana or California, you guess California because more people live in California.You have used ________ in making your decision.

Schemas are most helpful when the situation we confront is

Which of the following is NOT true about the difference between automatic and controlled thinking? Automatic thinking tends to be , whereas controlled thinking tends to be .

The textbook discusses facilitated communication, a technique that has been touted as allowing communication-impaired people to express themselves via a keyboard operated with the help of a facilitator.In fact, the technique

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs because we often

Researchers Miyamoto, Nisbett, and Masuda compared photographs of city scenes in the U.S.and Japan.They found that on average, city scenes in Japan contained more

Nao was raised in Japan, and is walking through Times Square in New York City.Based on results from Nisbett's studies on cultural differences in thinking styles, which of the following would Nao be most likely to notice relative to people raised in the U.S.?

The availability heuristic is associated with which of the following characteristics of schemas?

Which of the following does not describe a schema?

Wegner (2002, 2004) compared the illusion of free will to which of the following?

Parents seldom spend a lot of time explaining to their children how to ride a bicycle.Instead, they often get a bike with training wheels and let the children learn for themselves how to ride a bike.This is because our understanding about how to ride a bicycle is based on

If your professor asks you to list ten ways to improve the course and you cannot do it, how will that affect your course ratings overall?

We are most likely to rely on schemas when the situation we confront is

Self-fulfilling prophecies most often are a result of

Controlled processes such as counterfactual thinking can have their benefits and drawbacks.First, discuss what is meant by the term "counterfactual thinking," then explain how this phenomenon can be beneficial and how it can be detrimental.

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text, when participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others, they behaved

When asked to guess whether Mark is from Montana or California, you guess California because more people live in California.You have used ________ in making your decision.

Schemas are most helpful when the situation we confront is

Which of the following is NOT true about the difference between automatic and controlled thinking? Automatic thinking tends to be ________, whereas controlled thinking tends to be ________.

The textbook discusses facilitated communication, a technique that has been touted as allowing communication-impaired people to express themselves via a keyboard operated with the help of a facilitator.In fact, the technique

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Which of the following is NOT true about the difference between automatic and controlled thinking? Automatic thinking tends to be , whereas controlled thinking tends to be .