Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Tiffany has a hard time trusting other people her age because she believes they are irresponsible.Accordingly, when she makes dinner plans with one friend, she also makes backup plans with someone else, and she goes to one or the other.Her friends soon in turn begin to "blow off" their arrangements since it is not clear whether or not Tiffany will show up.Tiffany has created

When asked a question during a trivia game, Sylvia is certain that her answer is correct, even though her teammates disagree.Sylvia cannot be persuaded by her teammates to reconsider how accurate her response is.She is demonstrating the

Miyamoto and colleagues conducted a study in which participants viewed either photos of U.S.city scenes or Japanese city scenes, then were asked to detect differences between two similar pictures.They found that participants who viewed Japanese city scenes were more likely to detect changes in

Consider the results from a study by Miyamoto and colleagues in which participants viewed either photos of U.S.city scenes or Japanese city scenes, then were asked to detect differences between two similar pictures.Based on their findings, if an American was touring in Tokyo, Japan, which of the following aspects of a picture would she be most likely to pick up on?

Recall the words of Dr.Robert Marion, who was the first physician to correctly diagnose a nine-year-old girl with a rare disease: "Doctors are just like everyone else.We go to the movies, watch TV, read newspapers and novels.If we happen to see a patient who has symptoms of a rare disease that was featured on the previous night's 'Movie of the Week,' we're more likely to consider that condition when making a diagnosis." In essence, Dr.Marion is describing the ________ heuristic.

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues involved showing participants two similar pictures and asking them to find the differences between them.Nisbett and colleagues found that East Asian participants were more likely to focus on _________, and Western participants focused more on _________.

Recall that a group of researchers interviewed people who had suffered the loss of a spouse or child.They found that the more ________, the more distress the survivors reported.

According to the authors of your text, people raised in which of the following countries would be most likely to have a holistic thinking style?

Your roommate questions how charitable you really are.She says to you, "Give me just one example of the last time you gave money to a homeless person." Odds are that her challenge will convince you that you really are a generous person.Based on research by Schwarz and his colleagues (1991), why is that?

When people use information about the relative frequency of members of different categories in the population to make judgments (e.g., percentage of students who are psychology majors), they are using

Which of the following is NOT an example of automatic thinking?

When Robin meets her friend's new roommate, she sees that she has easels and paints strewn about, and has decorated her side of the room with lots of hand-made ceramic pots and paintings.At first, Robin is most likely

You have just arrived for your first year of college, but your roommate, Leah, is nowhere to be found.Your next-door neighbor, Tim, tells you that he's met Leah, and that she's really shy and introverted.If you wanted to counteract the self-fulfilling prophecy, what might you do when you meet Leah?

Which of the following provides the best example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

In a study on facilitated communication, headphones were used to ask the communication-impaired person one question and the facilitator a different question (unbeknownst to the two parties).Then the answers provided by the communication-impaired person with the help of the facilitator were examined.Findings indicated that the technique was

According to the authors of your text, priming is an automatic and nonconscious process.When you watch TV and movies, you are often exposed to examples of advertisers attempting to prime you to buy their products.Give a recent example and be sure to include in your answer how it represents priming.

The mental shortcuts that people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently are called

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues involved showing participants two similar pictures and asking them to find the differences between them.Nisbett and colleagues found a(n) ___________ difference in how participants described the differences.

The study by Rosenthal and Jacobson on self-fulfilling prophecies concluded that the teachers treated the "bloomers" in class differently than the other children.If you behaved similarly with a child or younger sibling, how might you behave?

The authors of your textbook point out that it is reasonable to use schemas to resolve ambiguity, but that this can become problematic when the schema is