Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

When people use the availability heuristic to make quick judgments, they are likely to do all of the following except

Nisbett (2003) suggested that the difference in ways of thinking came from differences in Eastern and Western philosophical traditions.With that in mind, how would you expect your new roommate, who is from Korea, to think?

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that people who grow up in East Asian cultures think more ___________ than people who grew up in Western cultures.

James has a goal of being able to run a marathon by next year.When he sees a woman dart out of a store and start running, he immediately thinks, "Oh, she must be a runner, too!" rather than, "She's a shoplifter trying to get away." Which of the following is the best explanation for why one schema was accessible rather than another?

Automatic thinking is ________ while controlled thinking is ________.

In Kelley's 1950 research about the guest lecturer, the independent variable was the

Warren believes that Tom is an outgoing, gregarious person."Whom did you hang out with this weekend?" Warren asks Tom."Tell me about all of the fun things that you have planned for the summer," Warren continues.Although Tom is usually rather quiet and reserved, he responds to Warren in an outgoing, friendly manner.This is an example of

Complete the following analogy.Nonconscious thinking: _______ :: conscious thinking: ________.

Reasoning based on the ease with which we can bring something to mind involves the use of the ________ heuristic.

Miyamoto and colleagues conducted a study in which participants viewed either photos of U.S.city scenes or Japanese city scenes, then were asked to detect differences between two similar pictures.The researchers found evidence that viewing Japanese city scenes

If accurate judgments are our goal, we should use base rate information instead of the representativeness heuristic when

The studies by Rosenthal and Jacobson on self-fulfilling prophecies have concluded that the teachers treated the "bloomers" in class differently than the other children.In which of the following ways did the teachers treat these students differently?

Your roommate is a case study in faulty and biased social thinking.You've just read Chapter 3, and you notice his inappropriate use of schemas and judgmental heuristics.How might you combat these troublesome tendencies?

In trying to decide which of two classmates is smarter, you use the rule, "the faster people talk, the smarter they are," so you choose the classmate who talks faster.You have applied a ________ to decide who is smarter.

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950) told some college students that their guest lecturer was a warm person, and others that he was a cold person.The visitor then lectured for twenty minutes, and behaved in a very cocky, arrogant way during the lecture.All students viewed the lecturer as arrogant, but differed in their assessments of how humorous he was.These results suggest that schemas are

"People literally create their own realities" is the basic idea behind ________.

The authors of your text report that a college professor asked students to list either two or ten ways to improve the course.Because students used the availability heuristic, which group of students gave the professor the highest course ratings overall?

Diana currently has a goal to lose fifteen pounds by the summer, and she notices that lately her friend, Sarah, hasn't been eating much.Based on your text's discussion of how current goals can affect accessibility, how is Diana most likely to interpret Sarah's behavior?

At the grocery store, mothers often keep children busy by letting them "drive" the cart.Little do the children realize that the steering wheel they are playing with does not control anything.This example demonstrates our sometimes misplaced sense of control over

It is reasonable to expect that in real classrooms there are several gender differences in terms of academic performance, because girls and boys are unwittingly treated differently by teachers and parents.What phenomenon best explains how this treatment could influence academic performance? Self-fulfilling prophecies are a(n)