Question 1

Schemas are most like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  lenses through which we look at and learn about the world 
B)  tires on which we move about in the world 
C)  food, which helps us stay energized to explore the world 
D)  pillows, which help us recover from our time in the world 
A)  lenses through which we look at and learn about the world 
B)  tires on which we move about in the world 
C)  food, which helps us stay energized to explore the world 
D)  pillows, which help us recover from our time in the world

Question 2

According to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be ________ likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema 
B)  more; ego-defensive biases 
C)  less; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema 
D)  less; ego-defensive biases 
A)  more; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema 
B)  more; ego-defensive biases 
C)  less; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema 
D)  less; ego-defensive biases

Question 3

Counterfactual thinking can be either detrimental or beneficial to people's mental health.Counterfactual thinking can be detrimental because it ________ and beneficial if it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  makes people ruminate over past events; leads to seeking social support 
B)  may prevent people from thinking about anything else; focuses people on ways they can cope better in the future 
C)  leads to thought suppression; fosters consideration of a better future 
D)  makes people more likely to use automatic processes; leads people to express their thoughts more 
A)  makes people ruminate over past events; leads to seeking social support 
B)  may prevent people from thinking about anything else; focuses people on ways they can cope better in the future 
C)  leads to thought suppression; fosters consideration of a better future 
D)  makes people more likely to use automatic processes; leads people to express their thoughts more

Question 4

Recall that Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson (1968) informed grade-school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers") would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year.Also recall that students labeled "bloomers" actually showed greater increases on IQ tests compared to students who were not labeled "bloomers." These differences occurred because teachers

Accepted Answer

A)  decided to devote their attention to the students with the most promise. 
B)  spent significantly more time interacting with "bloomers." 
C)  challenged "bloomers" more and gave them more and better feedback. 
D)  distracted "non-bloomers" by providing them too much personal attention. 
A)  decided to devote their attention to the students with the most promise. 
B)  spent significantly more time interacting with "bloomers." 
C)  challenged "bloomers" more and gave them more and better feedback. 
D)  distracted "non-bloomers" by providing them too much personal attention.

Question 5

You were supposed to make an important presentation at work, but you overslept, the bus was late, and you missed the meeting.If you are able to generate many ways in which to "undo" this terrible outcome, you will experience ________ emotional reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  no 
B)  a mild 
C)  a strong 
D)  an unclear 
A)  no 
B)  a mild 
C)  a strong 
D)  an unclear

Question 6

The study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text showed that under some conditions, participants would be more likely to leave more money for a stranger.What is the larger contribution to understanding social cognition that this study makes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Priming is an inconsistent, ineffective way to change behavior. 
B)  Goals can be activated and influence people's behavior without their knowledge. 
C)  People's behavior is affected more strongly when they are primed consciously. 
D)  People become more charitable when they believe their names will be associated with their donations. 
A)  Priming is an inconsistent, ineffective way to change behavior. 
B)  Goals can be activated and influence people's behavior without their knowledge. 
C)  People's behavior is affected more strongly when they are primed consciously. 
D)  People become more charitable when they believe their names will be associated with their donations.

Question 7

Alice goes to see a rerun of Jaws (a movie about a vicious shark) a few days before she takes off to Florida on spring break.On break, she finds that she is now too nervous to spend much time actually in the water, since she is convinced that anything she sees in the water is a shark.Her heightened sensitivity is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
B)  priming. 
C)  anchoring and adjustment. 
D)  representativeness. 
A)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
B)  priming. 
C)  anchoring and adjustment. 
D)  representativeness.

Question 8

You are listening to a radio broadcast which describes a person who donated a kidney to a complete stranger in need of a transplant, when the phone rings and the fireman's association asks you to make a donation.The idea of priming suggests that you will

Accepted Answer

A)  be less likely to make a donation because your self-esteem has been threatened by realizing that you will never be as saintly as the person in the story. 
B)  be more likely to make a donation because you are in a good mood after hearing the heartwarming story. 
C)  be more likely to make a donation because the schema of being charitable has been made more accessible. 
D)  not be affected in your likelihood of making a donation by the radio broadcast. 
A)  be less likely to make a donation because your self-esteem has been threatened by realizing that you will never be as saintly as the person in the story. 
B)  be more likely to make a donation because you are in a good mood after hearing the heartwarming story. 
C)  be more likely to make a donation because the schema of being charitable has been made more accessible. 
D)  not be affected in your likelihood of making a donation by the radio broadcast.

Question 9

Which of the following does not belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  overall context 
B)  relations between objects 
C)  holistic thinking 
D)  analytic thinking 
A)  overall context 
B)  relations between objects 
C)  holistic thinking 
D)  analytic thinking

Question 10

Nutz and Boltz, Inc.employs 100 people; 80 are lawyers and 20 are engineers.Albert, a lawyer at the company, is quiet, likes puzzles, and carries a calculator.Most people, when asked whether Albert is a lawyer or an engineer, will guess that he is an engineer.These people are using ________ to make this faulty guess.A correct guess would have been made if they had used ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic; base rate information 
B)  base rate information; the representativeness heuristic 
C)  the representativeness heuristic; the availability heuristic 
D)  base rate information; anchoring and adjustment 
A)  the representativeness heuristic; base rate information 
B)  base rate information; the representativeness heuristic 
C)  the representativeness heuristic; the availability heuristic 
D)  base rate information; anchoring and adjustment

Question 11

In which ways is counterfactual thinking a controlled process? It is

Accepted Answer

A)  effortful, controllable, intentional, and conscious. 
B)  conscious and intentional. 
C)  effortful and conscious. 
D)  intentional and effortful. 
A)  effortful, controllable, intentional, and conscious. 
B)  conscious and intentional. 
C)  effortful and conscious. 
D)  intentional and effortful.

Question 12

Which example best describes the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  "To decide if someone is a lawyer, I compare that person's characteristics to the characteristics of the typical lawyer." 
B)  "To decide if someone is dishonest, I try to recall instances of that person's dishonest behavior." 
C)  "To decide if someone is an environmentalist, I consider the proportion of environmentalists in the population." 
D)  "To decide if someone is conscientious, I consider how easy it is to imagine them acting in a non-conscientious manner." 
A)  "To decide if someone is a lawyer, I compare that person's characteristics to the characteristics of the typical lawyer." 
B)  "To decide if someone is dishonest, I try to recall instances of that person's dishonest behavior." 
C)  "To decide if someone is an environmentalist, I consider the proportion of environmentalists in the population." 
D)  "To decide if someone is conscientious, I consider how easy it is to imagine them acting in a non-conscientious manner."

Question 13

After seeing the movie Fargo, Craig firmly believes that Minnesotans and North Dakotans are the goofiest people in the United States.You believe that Minnesotans and North Dakotans are no goofier than people any place else, and you would like to get Craig to change his judgment.To do this, you might

Accepted Answer

A)  ask him to consider the opposite point of view. 
B)  ask him to think more carefully about his judgment. 
C)  tell him to stop being irrational. 
D)  tell him that he needs a law school course. 
A)  ask him to consider the opposite point of view. 
B)  ask him to think more carefully about his judgment. 
C)  tell him to stop being irrational. 
D)  tell him that he needs a law school course.

Question 14

In the 1977 study regarding Donald using priming, the independent variable was

Accepted Answer

A)  word types participants learned. 
B)  impressions of Donald. 
C)  teacher's expectations of students. 
D)  bloomers' IQs. 
A)  word types participants learned. 
B)  impressions of Donald. 
C)  teacher's expectations of students. 
D)  bloomers' IQs.

Question 15

To use controlled thinking, we need all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  superior intelligence. 
B)  motivation. 
C)  time. 
D)  mental capacity. 
A)  superior intelligence. 
B)  motivation. 
C)  time. 
D)  mental capacity.

Question 16

The fact that students "instantly" know the difference between a classroom and a party is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled thinking. 
B)  automatic thinking. 
C)  a schema. 
D)  social cognition. 
A)  controlled thinking. 
B)  automatic thinking. 
C)  a schema. 
D)  social cognition.

Question 17

When there is no other information available, it is ________ reasonable to rely on the representativeness heuristic to make a quick judgment.

Accepted Answer

A)  not 
B)  perfectly 
C)  somewhat 
D)  never 
A)  not 
B)  perfectly 
C)  somewhat 
D)  never

Question 18

You and your friend are debating the greatness of the human mind.She claims that relying on schemas and automatic processes is ultimately detrimental, but you contend that such processes have their benefits.List and explain three benefits to relying on schemas and automatic processes, as well as three drawbacks to using these processes.

Accepted Answer

Schemas can be beneficial because they h

Question 19

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultures differ in terms of what is important and relevant to the people who live there. 
B)  In some cultures, a good memory is more important than in other cultures. 
C)  Life is simpler in nonindustrialized cultures, making schemas less important. 
D)  Survival is more difficult in nomadic cultures, making schemas more important. 
A)  Cultures differ in terms of what is important and relevant to the people who live there. 
B)  In some cultures, a good memory is more important than in other cultures. 
C)  Life is simpler in nonindustrialized cultures, making schemas less important. 
D)  Survival is more difficult in nomadic cultures, making schemas more important.

Question 20

Self-fulfilling prophecies can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  someone who believes he or she can do something and does it. 
B)  when people inadvertently make schemas come true by the way they treat others. 
C)  the perseverance of a schema after it has been discredited. 
D)  the nonconscious processes that help us function in daily life. 
A)  someone who believes he or she can do something and does it. 
B)  when people inadvertently make schemas come true by the way they treat others. 
C)  the perseverance of a schema after it has been discredited. 
D)  the nonconscious processes that help us function in daily life.

Schemas are most like which of the following?

According to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of .

Counterfactual thinking can be either detrimental or beneficial to people's mental health.Counterfactual thinking can be detrimental because it and beneficial if it .

You were supposed to make an important presentation at work, but you overslept, the bus was late, and you missed the meeting.If you are able to generate many ways in which to "undo" this terrible outcome, you will experience ________ emotional reaction.

The study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text showed that under some conditions, participants would be more likely to leave more money for a stranger.What is the larger contribution to understanding social cognition that this study makes?

You are listening to a radio broadcast which describes a person who donated a kidney to a complete stranger in need of a transplant, when the phone rings and the fireman's association asks you to make a donation.The idea of priming suggests that you will

Which of the following does not belong?

In which ways is counterfactual thinking a controlled process? It is

Which example best describes the representativeness heuristic?

After seeing the movie Fargo, Craig firmly believes that Minnesotans and North Dakotans are the goofiest people in the United States.You believe that Minnesotans and North Dakotans are no goofier than people any place else, and you would like to get Craig to change his judgment.To do this, you might

In the 1977 study regarding Donald using priming, the independent variable was

To use controlled thinking, we need all of the following EXCEPT

The fact that students "instantly" know the difference between a classroom and a party is an example of

When there is no other information available, it is ________ reasonable to rely on the representativeness heuristic to make a quick judgment.

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

Self-fulfilling prophecies can best be described as

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Schemas are most like which of the following?

According to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be ________ likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of ________.

Counterfactual thinking can be either detrimental or beneficial to people's mental health.Counterfactual thinking can be detrimental because it ________ and beneficial if it ________.

You were supposed to make an important presentation at work, but you overslept, the bus was late, and you missed the meeting.If you are able to generate many ways in which to "undo" this terrible outcome, you will experience ________ emotional reaction.

The study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text showed that under some conditions, participants would be more likely to leave more money for a stranger.What is the larger contribution to understanding social cognition that this study makes?

You are listening to a radio broadcast which describes a person who donated a kidney to a complete stranger in need of a transplant, when the phone rings and the fireman's association asks you to make a donation.The idea of priming suggests that you will

Which of the following does not belong?

In which ways is counterfactual thinking a controlled process? It is

Which example best describes the representativeness heuristic?

In the 1977 study regarding Donald using priming, the independent variable was

To use controlled thinking, we need all of the following EXCEPT

The fact that students "instantly" know the difference between a classroom and a party is an example of

When there is no other information available, it is ________ reasonable to rely on the representativeness heuristic to make a quick judgment.

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

Self-fulfilling prophecies can best be described as

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

According to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of .

Counterfactual thinking can be either detrimental or beneficial to people's mental health.Counterfactual thinking can be detrimental because it and beneficial if it .