Question 1

Which process changes,adds,or removes information from the genome?

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) DNA replication 
C) genetic recombination 
D) crossing over 
E) cancer 
A) mutation 
B) DNA replication 
C) genetic recombination 
D) crossing over 
E) cancer

Question 2

Individuals who have a disease such as melanoma do not necessarily have offspring with melanoma.However,individuals with Huntington disease often do pass it on to their offspring.What accounts for the difference in the heritability of the two diseases?

Accepted Answer

The mutations associated with melanoma a

Question 3

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to store information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

________ is the enzyme involved in joining nucleotides as they are paired up.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the enzyme involved in joining...

Question 5

Watson and Crick's model of the structure of DNA was published in:

Accepted Answer

A) 1953. 
B) 1961. 
C) 1923. 
D) 1949. 
E) 1975. 
A) 1953. 
B) 1961. 
C) 1923. 
D) 1949. 
E) 1975.

Question 6

Imagine that the DNA replication error rate for a strain of bacterium that has a defective repair mechanism is 1 in 10 million.If the cell's genome is 5 million nucleotide pairs,how often will the genome sustain a mutation in this strain,keeping in mind that both strands of a DNA molecule are replicated at once?

Accepted Answer

A) once every five cell divisions 
B) once per cell division 
C) twice per cell division 
D) four times per cell division 
E) once every ten cell divisions 
A) once every five cell divisions 
B) once per cell division 
C) twice per cell division 
D) four times per cell division 
E) once every ten cell divisions

Question 7

Cancer is a disease caused by mutations.Yet in most instances if one of your parents tragically died from cancer,this does not put you at greater risk than a person whose parents do not develop cancer.How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet not be heritable?

Accepted Answer

A) The mutations that cause cancer are special and cannot be passed on regardless of what type of cell they occur in. 
B) Most cancers arise from mutations in germ-line cells. 
C) Most cancers arise from mutations in somatic cells. 
D) Cancer-causing mutations are repaired in offspring but not in parents. 
A) The mutations that cause cancer are special and cannot be passed on regardless of what type of cell they occur in. 
B) Most cancers arise from mutations in germ-line cells. 
C) Most cancers arise from mutations in somatic cells. 
D) Cancer-causing mutations are repaired in offspring but not in parents.

Question 8

What is the cause of Huntington disease?

Accepted Answer

A) a somatic cell mutation that causes cells to proliferate without control 
B) a mutation that results in defective DNA polymerase 
C) loss of the chromosome with the gene for a blood protein 
D) a mutation in which there are repeating groups of three nucleotides 
E) a mutation that results in defective amino acid synthesis 
A) a somatic cell mutation that causes cells to proliferate without control 
B) a mutation that results in defective DNA polymerase 
C) loss of the chromosome with the gene for a blood protein 
D) a mutation in which there are repeating groups of three nucleotides 
E) a mutation that results in defective amino acid synthesis

Question 9

It was primarily the X-ray diffraction work on DNA done by ________ that allowed Watson and Crick to deduce the structure of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) Louis Pasteur 
B) Gregor Mendel 
C) Rosalind Franklin 
D) T)H. Morgan 
A) Louis Pasteur 
B) Gregor Mendel 
C) Rosalind Franklin 
D) T)H. Morgan

Question 10

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) synthesizing nucleotides from free sugars, phosphates, and bases 
B) halting DNA replication if a cell becomes cancerous 
C) breaking sugar-phosphate bonds to release free nucleotides for DNA synthesis 
D) introducing mutations into DNA for evolutionary adaptation 
E) joining together nucleotides as they are base-paired during DNA replication 
A) synthesizing nucleotides from free sugars, phosphates, and bases 
B) halting DNA replication if a cell becomes cancerous 
C) breaking sugar-phosphate bonds to release free nucleotides for DNA synthesis 
D) introducing mutations into DNA for evolutionary adaptation 
E) joining together nucleotides as they are base-paired during DNA replication

Question 11

What is the difference between whole-chromosome aberrations and point mutations?

Accepted Answer

A) Point mutations are not permanent changes in the DNA; aberrations are permanent. 
B) Aberrations are not permanent changes in the DNA; point mutations are permanent. 
C) Point mutations are the loss of parts of chromosomes; aberrations are the loss of whole chromosomes. 
D) Point mutations affect a single base pair in the genome; aberrations affect a large section. 
A) Point mutations are not permanent changes in the DNA; aberrations are permanent. 
B) Aberrations are not permanent changes in the DNA; point mutations are permanent. 
C) Point mutations are the loss of parts of chromosomes; aberrations are the loss of whole chromosomes. 
D) Point mutations affect a single base pair in the genome; aberrations affect a large section.

Question 12

Why are the strands of DNA said to be complementary to each other?

Accepted Answer

A) The sugar-phosphate chains are running in opposite directions. 
B) The sugar-phosphate chains of each strand are identical. 
C) Both strands can have any of four possible bases attached. 
D) All the bases of one strand are paired up with their complementary bases on the other strand. 
A) The sugar-phosphate chains are running in opposite directions. 
B) The sugar-phosphate chains of each strand are identical. 
C) Both strands can have any of four possible bases attached. 
D) All the bases of one strand are paired up with their complementary bases on the other strand.

Question 13

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to replicate itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Watson and Crick discovered:

Accepted Answer

A) the structure of DNA. 
B) that DNA is the genetic material. 
C) X-ray crystallography. 
D) that genetic information resides on chromosomes. 
A) the structure of DNA. 
B) that DNA is the genetic material. 
C) X-ray crystallography. 
D) that genetic information resides on chromosomes.

Question 15

A key part of DNA's function is to encode information.In considering how information-rich a particular molecule might be,a question is how many different sequences are possible in a particular length of the molecule.In the case of DNA the four different nucleotides can be arranged in any order.How many different sequences are possible for a DNA strand three nucleotides long?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 32 
C) 16 
D) 64 
E) 3 
A) 4 
B) 32 
C) 16 
D) 64 
E) 3

Question 16

Suppose you are a biologist trying to discover the process by which DNA copies itself.You grow cells in a culture that contains a special isotope of nitrogen,N-15,which will become part of any new DNA the cell makes.After one generation,you analyze the DNA and find all the DNA has some N-15 in it.You then take those cells and grow them for another generation in a culture with the normal isotope of nitrogen,N-14,and find that half of the DNA has some N-15 in it and half of it has only N-14.From this information,what can you infer is the process by which DNA replicates?

Accepted Answer

The process must be that each strand of

Question 17

The three components of a DNA nucleotide are:

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids, phosphates, and deoxyribose. 
B) bases, deoxyribose, and polymerases. 
C) genes, sugars, and bases. 
D) phosphates, sugars, and bases. 
E) polymerases, ligases, and sugars. 
A) amino acids, phosphates, and deoxyribose. 
B) bases, deoxyribose, and polymerases. 
C) genes, sugars, and bases. 
D) phosphates, sugars, and bases. 
E) polymerases, ligases, and sugars.

Question 18

What is a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) a mutation that affects a single cell 
B) a mutation in which one chromosome is lost 
C) an error in DNA that is caused by malfunctioning of DNA ligase 
D) a mutation found at a single base pair in the genome 
E) a mutation that affects only one metabolic pathway 
A) a mutation that affects a single cell 
B) a mutation in which one chromosome is lost 
C) an error in DNA that is caused by malfunctioning of DNA ligase 
D) a mutation found at a single base pair in the genome 
E) a mutation that affects only one metabolic pathway

Question 19

Most point mutations have immediate,drastic effects on an organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the complementary sequence for a segment of DNA with the sequence ACGGCT?

Accepted Answer

A) TCGGCA 
B) AGCCGT 
C) TGCCGA 
D) ACGGCT 
E) GTAATC 
A) TCGGCA 
B) AGCCGT 
C) TGCCGA 
D) ACGGCT 
E) GTAATC

Exam 13: Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

Which process changes,adds,or removes information from the genome?

Individuals who have a disease such as melanoma do not necessarily have offspring with melanoma.However,individuals with Huntington disease often do pass it on to their offspring.What accounts for the difference in the heritability of the two diseases?

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to store information.

________ is the enzyme involved in joining nucleotides as they are paired up.

Watson and Crick's model of the structure of DNA was published in:

Cancer is a disease caused by mutations.Yet in most instances if one of your parents tragically died from cancer,this does not put you at greater risk than a person whose parents do not develop cancer.How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet not be heritable?

What is the cause of Huntington disease?

It was primarily the X-ray diffraction work on DNA done by ________ that allowed Watson and Crick to deduce the structure of DNA.

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

What is the difference between whole-chromosome aberrations and point mutations?

Why are the strands of DNA said to be complementary to each other?

The structure of DNA allows the molecule to replicate itself.

Watson and Crick discovered:

The three components of a DNA nucleotide are:

What is a point mutation?

Most point mutations have immediate,drastic effects on an organism.

What is the complementary sequence for a segment of DNA with the sequence ACGGCT?

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late,traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses,bacteria,archaea,and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi: the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

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