Exam 4: Learning Memory

Explain the term "extinction."

Melissa knows that when she goes to the dentist she must make an appointment, show up on time, bring proof of insurance, and have her teeth cleaned before any other dental services will be performed. With respect to her visit to the dentist, Melissa has learned a schema known as a(n) ________.

Licensing occurs when a company ________.

Gradually changing the package of a product that depends heavily on brand loyalty can be successful if each change is minor. Over the course of a year or more the package may change totally in appearance without offending or confusing brand loyal customers. What factors contribute to forgetting to allow this marketing strategy?

When Shira was a young girl, her teacher gave her a sticker every time she earned above 90% on a test. Shira's teacher was using classical conditioning.

Within a knowledge structure, which of the following is the LEAST complex knowledge unit?

Instrumental conditioning occurs with ________.

Consumers' attraction to slot machines can be explained by the variable-ratio reinforcement schedule the machines use.

The popular marketing technique known as ________ marketing applies the principles of instrumental conditioning by reinforcing regular purchases, with value.

Family branding, licensing, and look-alike packaging are all marketing strategies based on ________.

List and explain the three stages of memory.

Modeling is the process of imitating the behavior of others.

Explain the term "chunking."

Frank is sitting in his Psychology 101 class listening to his professor attempt to explain the "black box" process and its connection with learning. He suddenly smells the aroma of fresh cinnamon rolls, and his mouth begins to water. He looks around the room and sees a student in the last row bite into a big, juicy roll. "I wish I were sitting next to him," Frank thinks, "because I know I could steal a bite." What Frank just went through in class was similar to the "black box" process being described by his professor. This process is more closely associated with which of the following learning methods?

A stage in the cognitive development process is ________.

________ memory permits the temporary storage of information we receive from our senses.

Erika, an analyst for a marketing research firm, has been tasked with observing and probing patient behaviors at a small Midwestern clinic. In her study, Erika noticed that many patients tended to underestimate the time since their last doctor visit. What type of memory lapse did Erika most likely observe?

Which theory stresses the importance of internal mental processes?

During a free recall test, subjects are shown ads one at a time and asked if they had seen them before.

Why do people have a tendency to remember unusual ads more effectively than ads that are less interesting? What is this phenomenon called?