Question 1

The highest level of employee involvement occurs when employees are asked to make recommendations to managers, who then decide whether to implement them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The rational choice paradigm states that effective decision makers begin at any step in the model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Heuristic is a natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which they resemble other events or objects rather than on objective probability information.

Accepted Answer

A) Anchoring and adjustment 
B) Representativeness 
C) Insufficient 
D) Resemblance 
E) Informational 
A) Anchoring and adjustment 
B) Representativeness 
C) Insufficient 
D) Resemblance 
E) Informational

Question 4

Which of the following decision-making activities tends to make the most use of tacit knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) Decision support systems 
B) Escalation of commitment 
C) Intuition 
D) Both intuition and data mining 
E) Data mining 
A) Decision support systems 
B) Escalation of commitment 
C) Intuition 
D) Both intuition and data mining 
E) Data mining

Question 5

Mental models have what effect on the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) They cause production blocking in decision making. 
B) They perpetuate assumptions that make it difficult to see new opportunities. 
C) They help people to be more creative in decision making. 
D) They make it unnecessary to develop alternative solutions to the problem. 
E) They cause decision makers to maximize rather than satisfice. 
A) They cause production blocking in decision making. 
B) They perpetuate assumptions that make it difficult to see new opportunities. 
C) They help people to be more creative in decision making. 
D) They make it unnecessary to develop alternative solutions to the problem. 
E) They cause decision makers to maximize rather than satisfice.

Question 6

One reason why the rational choice model doesn't fit reality is that it focuses on logical thinking and completely ignores:

Accepted Answer

A) subjective expected utility. 
B) that people engage in imperfect rationality. 
C) evaluation of solutions. 
D) the irrationality of organizations. 
E) organizational politics. 
A) subjective expected utility. 
B) that people engage in imperfect rationality. 
C) evaluation of solutions. 
D) the irrationality of organizations. 
E) organizational politics.

Question 7

The incubation stage of creativity is more effective when the decision maker sets aside all other activities and focuses attention on the issue or problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Intuition relies on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Tacit knowledge 
B) Escalation of commitment 
C) Satisficing 
D) Bounded rationality 
E) Post-decisional justification 
A) Tacit knowledge 
B) Escalation of commitment 
C) Satisficing 
D) Bounded rationality 
E) Post-decisional justification

Question 9

The ideas that form during the insight stage of creativity need to be verified through conscious evaluation and experimentation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Executives at Switched Enterprises Ltd. want to partner with companies in other regions to distribute their Internet routers and electronic switching equipment. They want to make the decision systematically, but realize that it is not easy to determine whether a particular company will be able to provide effective distribution for this new product area. Discuss how the concepts of sequential evaluation and implicit favourite might make it difficult for Switched Enterprises executives to choose the best alternative.

Accepted Answer

Implicit favourite. Decision makers tend

Question 11

A learning orientation is

Accepted Answer

A) one of the outcomes of the prospect theory effect. 
B) a personal characteristic of someone who has low creative potential. 
C) an important condition for creativity. 
D) the label given to people who learn but are not creative in their learning. 
E) one of four causes of escalation of commitment. 
A) one of the outcomes of the prospect theory effect. 
B) a personal characteristic of someone who has low creative potential. 
C) an important condition for creativity. 
D) the label given to people who learn but are not creative in their learning. 
E) one of four causes of escalation of commitment.

Question 12

Employees should not make the final decision alone when conflict is likely among employees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The view that since decision makers have limited information, limited information processing capabilities, and tend toward satisficing rather than maximization of outcomes when making decisions accords with:

Accepted Answer

A) mini-maxing outcome. 
B) implicit rationality. 
C) clustering reality. 
D) limited processing paradigm. 
E) bounded rationality. 
A) mini-maxing outcome. 
B) implicit rationality. 
C) clustering reality. 
D) limited processing paradigm. 
E) bounded rationality.

Question 14

Which of these statements about intuition is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Intuition is both an emotional experience and a rapid unconscious analytic process. 
B) Intuition incorporates logical reasoning that has become habit over time. 
C) People sometimes justify biased and non-systematic decision making as intuition. 
D) Intuition is particularly valuable when the decision maker has extensive tacit knowledge. 
E) All of these statements are true. 
A) Intuition is both an emotional experience and a rapid unconscious analytic process. 
B) Intuition incorporates logical reasoning that has become habit over time. 
C) People sometimes justify biased and non-systematic decision making as intuition. 
D) Intuition is particularly valuable when the decision maker has extensive tacit knowledge. 
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 15

Escalation of commitment is more likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) the costs of ending the project are high or unknown. 
B) the decision maker screens out negative information about the decision due to perceptual defence. 
C) the decision maker has a strong need to justify their decision. 
D) The decision maker dislikes losing a particular amount more than he/she likes gaining the same amount. 
E) all of these conditions exist. 
A) the costs of ending the project are high or unknown. 
B) the decision maker screens out negative information about the decision due to perceptual defence. 
C) the decision maker has a strong need to justify their decision. 
D) The decision maker dislikes losing a particular amount more than he/she likes gaining the same amount. 
E) all of these conditions exist.

Question 16

Typically, creative people possess less knowledge and experience on the subject than experts in the field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

During a meeting, senior executives of a consumer products company tackled the problem that they were late in detecting several consumer trends, such as the trend towards using see-through plastics in kitchenware. While trying to determine the source of this problem, one executive said:

Accepted Answer

A) The executive is engaging in groupthink. 
B) The executive is being too creative. 
C) The executive is acting as a devil's advocate when the situation calls for consensus. 
D) The executive is engaging in escalation of commitment. 
E) The executive is defining the problem in terms of a solution. 
A) The executive is engaging in groupthink. 
B) The executive is being too creative. 
C) The executive is acting as a devil's advocate when the situation calls for consensus. 
D) The executive is engaging in escalation of commitment. 
E) The executive is defining the problem in terms of a solution.

Question 18

The Director of Nursing is looking for a new work schedule for nurses throughout the hospital. She evaluates a schedule system as soon as she learns about it. Eventually, she finds a schedule that is 'good enough' for her needs, even though there may be better schedules available that she hasn't yet learned about. The Director of Nursing is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A) satisficing 
B) perceptual blinders 
C) escalation of commitment 
D) confirmation bias 
E) post-decisional justification 
A) satisficing 
B) perceptual blinders 
C) escalation of commitment 
D) confirmation bias 
E) post-decisional justification

Question 19

Representativeness heuristics is a natural tendency to pay less attention to whether something resembles something else than on more precise statistics about its probability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The rational choice paradigm assumes that people rely on logic to evaluate and choose alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The highest level of employee involvement occurs when employees are asked to make recommendations to managers, who then decide whether to implement them.

The rational choice paradigm states that effective decision makers begin at any step in the model.

Heuristic is a natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which they resemble other events or objects rather than on objective probability information.

Which of the following decision-making activities tends to make the most use of tacit knowledge?

Mental models have what effect on the decision-making process?

One reason why the rational choice model doesn't fit reality is that it focuses on logical thinking and completely ignores:

The incubation stage of creativity is more effective when the decision maker sets aside all other activities and focuses attention on the issue or problem.

Intuition relies on which of the following?

The ideas that form during the insight stage of creativity need to be verified through conscious evaluation and experimentation.

A learning orientation is

Employees should not make the final decision alone when conflict is likely among employees.

The view that since decision makers have limited information, limited information processing capabilities, and tend toward satisficing rather than maximization of outcomes when making decisions accords with:

Which of these statements about intuition is TRUE?

Escalation of commitment is more likely to occur when

Typically, creative people possess less knowledge and experience on the subject than experts in the field.

During a meeting, senior executives of a consumer products company tackled the problem that they were late in detecting several consumer trends, such as the trend towards using see-through plastics in kitchenware. While trying to determine the source of this problem, one executive said:

Representativeness heuristics is a natural tendency to pay less attention to whether something resembles something else than on more precise statistics about its probability.

The rational choice paradigm assumes that people rely on logic to evaluate and choose alternatives.

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behaviour

Individual Behaviour

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions

Foundations of Employee Motivation

Applied Performance Practices

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters

Exam 7: Decision Making and Creativity

The highest level of employee involvement occurs when employees are asked to make recommendations to managers, who then decide whether to implement them.

The rational choice paradigm states that effective decision makers begin at any step in the model.

Heuristic is a natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which they resemble other events or objects rather than on objective probability information.

Which of the following decision-making activities tends to make the most use of tacit knowledge?

Mental models have what effect on the decision-making process?

One reason why the rational choice model doesn't fit reality is that it focuses on logical thinking and completely ignores:

The incubation stage of creativity is more effective when the decision maker sets aside all other activities and focuses attention on the issue or problem.

Intuition relies on which of the following?

The ideas that form during the insight stage of creativity need to be verified through conscious evaluation and experimentation.

A learning orientation is

Employees should not make the final decision alone when conflict is likely among employees.

The view that since decision makers have limited information, limited information processing capabilities, and tend toward satisficing rather than maximization of outcomes when making decisions accords with:

Which of these statements about intuition is TRUE?

Escalation of commitment is more likely to occur when

Typically, creative people possess less knowledge and experience on the subject than experts in the field.

During a meeting, senior executives of a consumer products company tackled the problem that they were late in detecting several consumer trends, such as the trend towards using see-through plastics in kitchenware. While trying to determine the source of this problem, one executive said:

Representativeness heuristics is a natural tendency to pay less attention to whether something resembles something else than on more precise statistics about its probability.

The rational choice paradigm assumes that people rely on logic to evaluate and choose alternatives.

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behaviour

Individual Behaviour

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions

Foundations of Employee Motivation

Applied Performance Practices

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters