Question 1

Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleosome → chromatin fiber → looped domains → heterochromatin 
B) nucleosome → looped domains → chromatin fiber → heterochromatin 
C) heterochromatin → nucleosome → chromatin fiber → looped domains 
D) chromatin fiber → heterochromatin → nucleosome → looped domains 
E) chromatin fiber → nucleosome → looped domains → heterochromatin 
A) nucleosome → chromatin fiber → looped domains → heterochromatin 
B) nucleosome → looped domains → chromatin fiber → heterochromatin 
C) heterochromatin → nucleosome → chromatin fiber → looped domains 
D) chromatin fiber → heterochromatin → nucleosome → looped domains 
E) chromatin fiber → nucleosome → looped domains → heterochromatin

Question 2

You are using genetic engineering to design a protein that needs to be synthesized in the cytoplasm and then localized in the nucleus of the cell.To accomplish this,one could add

Accepted Answer

A) a nuclear localization signal into the DNA that will be present in the mature protein. 
B) the compound during mitosis, at a time when the nuclear membrane is dispersed. 
C) a nucleotide or few nucleotides to the protein. 
D) a series of specific polysaccharides to the carboxyterminal end of the protein. 
E) all of the above 
A) a nuclear localization signal into the DNA that will be present in the mature protein. 
B) the compound during mitosis, at a time when the nuclear membrane is dispersed. 
C) a nucleotide or few nucleotides to the protein. 
D) a series of specific polysaccharides to the carboxyterminal end of the protein. 
E) all of the above

Question 3

Numerous Xenopus cells were exposed to various amounts of ultraviolet light.Some of the resulting cells were observed to lack nucleoli.As a result,one would expect that the cell could not

Accepted Answer

A) perform cellular respiration. 
B) replicate its DNA. 
C) perform photosynthesis. 
D) synthesize rRNA. 
E) none of the above 
A) perform cellular respiration. 
B) replicate its DNA. 
C) perform photosynthesis. 
D) synthesize rRNA. 
E) none of the above

Question 4

You isolate a new bacterium from soil with a revolutionary new growth technique.You are interested in characterizing the genome of this organism using restriction enzymes.The first enzyme chosen should be one that will cut the genome infrequently,allowing you to do more detailed fine mapping at a later date.Of the following choices,the best enzyme to choose for your task would be (NOTE: P = a purine base; Y = a pyrimidine base)

Accepted Answer

A) HpaI (CCGG). 
B) TaqI (TCG
A) . 
C) EcoRI (GAATT
C) . 
D) HindII (GTYPA
C) . 
E) NotI (GCGGCCG
C) . 
A) HpaI (CCGG). 
B) TaqI (TCG
A) . 
C) EcoRI (GAATT
C) . 
D) HindII (GTYPA
C) . 
E) NotI (GCGGCCG
C) .

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding the WatsonCrick model of DNA is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the most common biological form. 
B) It is a left-handed helix. 
C) It is antiparallel. 
D) The bases are "stacked" in the center of the molecule. 
E) The backbone consists of alternating sugars and phosphates. 
A) It is the most common biological form. 
B) It is a left-handed helix. 
C) It is antiparallel. 
D) The bases are "stacked" in the center of the molecule. 
E) The backbone consists of alternating sugars and phosphates.

Question 6

Which of the following shows Chargaff's equivalence?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) single-stranded DNA 
C) tRNA 
D) synthetic DNA (one strand all A, the other all T) 
E) all of the above 
A) mRNA 
B) single-stranded DNA 
C) tRNA 
D) synthetic DNA (one strand all A, the other all T) 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Using the Sanger method of DNA sequencing,results in the figure below are obtained following gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments.
   
Figure 18.2
A total of 21 nucleotides has been sequenced. What is the sequence of these nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-ACCGTTTGCAGAACGTTCCCA-3' 
B) 5'-ACCCACGTTAAAGACCCGTTT-3' 
C) 5'-AAAAACCCCCCCGGGGTTTTT-3' 
D) 5'-ACCCTTGCAAGACGTTTGCCA-3' 
E) none of the above 
A) 5'-ACCGTTTGCAGAACGTTCCCA-3' 
B) 5'-ACCCACGTTAAAGACCCGTTT-3' 
C) 5'-AAAAACCCCCCCGGGGTTTTT-3' 
D) 5'-ACCCTTGCAAGACGTTTGCCA-3' 
E) none of the above

Question 8

________ ,also known as "jumping genes," are examples of mobile DNA elements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ ,also known as "jumping genes," are...

Question 9

You wish to use mRNA profiles to examine the genes of a cell that are ultimately translated into proteins during times of stress.As a result,you are investigating a portion of the cell's

Accepted Answer

A) spliceosome. 
B) genome. 
C) proteome. 
D) transcriptome. 
E) microarray. 
A) spliceosome. 
B) genome. 
C) proteome. 
D) transcriptome. 
E) microarray.

Question 10

The name given to the area of study that is involved with the determination of the entire DNA sequence of an organism is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The name given to the area of...

Question 11

The name given to double-stranded DNA that is twisted upon itself is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The name given to double-stranded DNA that...

Question 12

In 1928,Frederick Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae suggested that

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria do not incorporate the DNA of other bacteria. 
B) attenuated R (rough)bacteria easily revert to the wild type (virulent). 
C) DNA was conclusively the molecule of heredity. 
D) heat-killed bacteria could somehow "transform" live bacteria. 
E) all of the above 
A) bacteria do not incorporate the DNA of other bacteria. 
B) attenuated R (rough)bacteria easily revert to the wild type (virulent). 
C) DNA was conclusively the molecule of heredity. 
D) heat-killed bacteria could somehow "transform" live bacteria. 
E) all of the above

Question 13

A novel protozoan was discovered on a rock sample brought back to Earth from Mars.Your task is to determine the lengths of DNA associated with its nucleosomes so that a colleague can then determine the nature of the proteins that comprise the nucleosome.How would you go about determining the lengths of these DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Briefly,the students need to i

Question 14

Eukaryotic-like (possessing a defined nucleus)cells were obtained from a Martian soil sample.The nucleus was carefully isolated and the chromatin obtained.The fibers had a "beads on a string" appearance,suggesting some type of "histones." Following digestion with micrococcal nuclease,protein removal,and gel electrophoresis,DNA fragments were obtained that are multiples of 280 base pairs in length.Longer incubation with micrococcal nuclease prior to protein removal results in fragments 200 base pairs in length.The amount of DNA that is wrapped around the "core histones" is therefore

Accepted Answer

A) 80 base pairs in length. 
B) 200 base pairs in length. 
C) 360 base pairs in length. 
D) 480 base pairs in length. 
E) Not enough information is given to determine the answer. 
A) 80 base pairs in length. 
B) 200 base pairs in length. 
C) 360 base pairs in length. 
D) 480 base pairs in length. 
E) Not enough information is given to determine the answer.

Question 15

In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing,incorporation of the nucleotides stops because

Accepted Answer

A) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 3'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
B) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 5'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
C) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 2'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
D) the mixture is heated to 92°C to stop DNA synthesis at specific time intervals. 
E) the dideoxynucleotide analogs are in greater concentration than the actual nucleotides. 
A) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 3'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
B) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 5'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
C) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 2'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
D) the mixture is heated to 92°C to stop DNA synthesis at specific time intervals. 
E) the dideoxynucleotide analogs are in greater concentration than the actual nucleotides.

Question 16

Interspersed repeat DNA

Accepted Answer

A) constitutes 25-40% of most mammalian genomes. 
B) is clustered in the genome. 
C) is approximately 10⁵-10⁷ bp in length for each repeat. 
D) occurs in gene families, such as the Alu family. 
E) both choices A and D 
A) constitutes 25-40% of most mammalian genomes. 
B) is clustered in the genome. 
C) is approximately 10⁵-10⁷ bp in length for each repeat. 
D) occurs in gene families, such as the Alu family. 
E) both choices A and D

Question 17

With which organelle membrane would you expect to find the receptor protein importin?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrion 
B) nucleolus 
C) chloroplast 
D) plastid 
E) nucleus 
A) mitochondrion 
B) nucleolus 
C) chloroplast 
D) plastid 
E) nucleus

Question 18

When examining a five-carbon sugar to determine if it is ribose or deoxyribose,one looks to see if there are two H on the _____ carbon in the structure.

Accepted Answer

A) 1' 
B) 2' 
C) 3' 
D) 4' 
E) 5' 
A) 1' 
B) 2' 
C) 3' 
D) 4' 
E) 5'

Question 19

Recognition sites of restriction enzymes are ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recognition sites of restriction enzymes are ________....

Question 20

________ are the entire set of RNAs that can be produced by a genome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are the entire set of RNAs...

Exam 18: The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic chromosomes?

You are using genetic engineering to design a protein that needs to be synthesized in the cytoplasm and then localized in the nucleus of the cell.To accomplish this,one could add

Numerous Xenopus cells were exposed to various amounts of ultraviolet light.Some of the resulting cells were observed to lack nucleoli.As a result,one would expect that the cell could not

Which of the following statements regarding the WatsonCrick model of DNA is not accurate?

Which of the following shows Chargaff's equivalence?

Using the Sanger method of DNA sequencing,results in the figure below are obtained following gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments. Figure 18.2 A total of 21 nucleotides has been sequenced. What is the sequence of these nucleotides?

________ ,also known as "jumping genes," are examples of mobile DNA elements.

You wish to use mRNA profiles to examine the genes of a cell that are ultimately translated into proteins during times of stress.As a result,you are investigating a portion of the cell's

The name given to the area of study that is involved with the determination of the entire DNA sequence of an organism is known as ________.

The name given to double-stranded DNA that is twisted upon itself is ________.

In 1928,Frederick Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae suggested that

In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing,incorporation of the nucleotides stops because

Interspersed repeat DNA

With which organelle membrane would you expect to find the receptor protein importin?

When examining a five-carbon sugar to determine if it is ribose or deoxyribose,one looks to see if there are two H on the _____ carbon in the structure.

Recognition sites of restriction enzymes are ________.

________ are the entire set of RNAs that can be produced by a genome.

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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