Question 1

Each kidney has about ________ nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  500,000 
C)  1 million 
D)  1.25 million 
E)  5 million 
A)  100,000 
B)  500,000 
C)  1 million 
D)  1.25 million 
E)  5 million

Question 2

Eighty percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  pyramids 
D)  capsule 
E)  pelvis 
A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  pyramids 
D)  capsule 
E)  pelvis

Question 3

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  stratified squamous 
B)  pseudostratified columnar 
C)  simple cuboidal 
D)  transitional 
E)  simple columnar 
A)  stratified squamous 
B)  pseudostratified columnar 
C)  simple cuboidal 
D)  transitional 
E)  simple columnar

Question 4

Which of the following components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  collecting ducts 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  glomerulus 
A)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  collecting ducts 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  glomerulus

Question 5

The concentration at which all of the carriers in renal tubules for a given substance are saturated is the

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular maximum. 
B)  hydrostatic threshold. 
C)  blood colloid maximum. 
D)  osmotic pressure. 
E)  renal threshold. 
A)  tubular maximum. 
B)  hydrostatic threshold. 
C)  blood colloid maximum. 
D)  osmotic pressure. 
E)  renal threshold.

Question 6

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure. 
B)  presence of albumin proteins in blood plasma. 
C)  constriction of the efferent arteriole. 
D)  protein in the filtrate. 
E)  filtrate in the capsular space. 
A)  blood pressure. 
B)  presence of albumin proteins in blood plasma. 
C)  constriction of the efferent arteriole. 
D)  protein in the filtrate. 
E)  filtrate in the capsular space.

Question 7

Urine is temporarily stored in the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra. 
B)  urinary bladder. 
C)  kidney. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  trigone. 
A)  urethra. 
B)  urinary bladder. 
C)  kidney. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  trigone.

Question 8

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. From the list below, what are these three main pressures? 1. glomerular hydrostatic pressure
2) capsular hydrostatic pressure
3) capsular colloid osmotic pressure
4) blood colloid osmotic pressure
5) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 are correct. 
B)  2, 3, and 4 are correct. 
C)  3, 4, and 5 are correct. 
D)  1, 2, and 4 are correct. 
E)  2, 4, and 5 are correct. 
A)  1, 2, and 3 are correct. 
B)  2, 3, and 4 are correct. 
C)  3, 4, and 5 are correct. 
D)  1, 2, and 4 are correct. 
E)  2, 4, and 5 are correct.

Question 9

Your doctor has diagnosed you with prostatitis, an inflammation and swelling involving the prostate gland.One of your primary symptoms is

Accepted Answer

A)  dribbling urination. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  glycosuria. 
E)  large amounts of dilute urine. 
A)  dribbling urination. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  glycosuria. 
E)  large amounts of dilute urine.

Question 10

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive ADH secretion. 
B)  absence of ADH. 
C)  hematuric oliguria. 
D)  overproduction of aldosterone. 
E)  dilation of the afferent arterioles. 
A)  excessive ADH secretion. 
B)  absence of ADH. 
C)  hematuric oliguria. 
D)  overproduction of aldosterone. 
E)  dilation of the afferent arterioles.

Question 11

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasa recta 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  pelvis 
E)  calyces 
A)  vasa recta 
B)  medulla 
C)  cortex 
D)  pelvis 
E)  calyces

Question 12

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. 
C)  a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts. 
D)  an increase in facultative water reabsorption. 
E)  obligatory water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. 
C)  a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts. 
D)  an increase in facultative water reabsorption. 
E)  obligatory water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 13

The condition called ________ is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can becometwisted or kinked during movement.

Accepted Answer

A)  polycystic kidney disease 
B)  floating kidney 
C)  pyelonephritis 
D)  renal calculi 
E)  renal failure 
A)  polycystic kidney disease 
B)  floating kidney 
C)  pyelonephritis 
D)  renal calculi 
E)  renal failure

Question 14

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

Accepted Answer

A)  a larger volume of urine. 
B)  urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C)  urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D)  urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. 
E)  urine with less glucose. 
A)  a larger volume of urine. 
B)  urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C)  urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D)  urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. 
E)  urine with less glucose.

Question 15

The process that transports solutes, including many drugs, into the tubular fluid is called

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  excretion. 
E)  secretion. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  excretion. 
E)  secretion.

Question 16

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  JG apparatus. 
C)  pyramid. 
D)  trigone. 
E)  vasa recta. 
A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  JG apparatus. 
C)  pyramid. 
D)  trigone. 
E)  vasa recta.

Question 17

The majority of water is reabsorbed by osmosis in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  nephron loop. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  papillary duct. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  nephron loop. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  papillary duct.

Question 18

________ is the most abundant organic waste.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Albumin 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Sodium 
E)  Urea 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Albumin 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Sodium 
E)  Urea

Question 19

Sarah has been suffering from a stomach virus. As a result, she is dehydrated and her plasma ADH and aldosterone levels are elevated. Explain how each of these hormones independently affects the nephron including the specific location(s) of the nephron affected. Finally, state how the combined effects of these two hormones will alter urine concentration and volume.

Accepted Answer

ADH will increase the number of aquapori

Question 20

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6

Exam 26: The Urinary System

Each kidney has about ________ nephrons.

Eighty percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

Which of the following components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla?

The concentration at which all of the carriers in renal tubules for a given substance are saturated is the

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by

Urine is temporarily stored in the

Your doctor has diagnosed you with prostatitis, an inflammation and swelling involving the prostate gland.One of your primary symptoms is

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves all of the following except

The condition called ________ is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can becometwisted or kinked during movement.

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

The process that transports solutes, including many drugs, into the tubular fluid is called

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

The majority of water is reabsorbed by osmosis in the

________ is the most abundant organic waste.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters