Question 1

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Where does secretion mostly occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  1 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  2 
A)  5 
B)  1 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  2

Question 2

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of which three layers?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores 
B)  fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes 
C)  fenestrated endothelium of glomerulus, basement membrane of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits 
D)  basement membrane of glomerulus, foot processes, and capsular outer layer 
E)  podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and extraglomerular mesangial cells 
A)  filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores 
B)  fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes 
C)  fenestrated endothelium of glomerulus, basement membrane of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits 
D)  basement membrane of glomerulus, foot processes, and capsular outer layer 
E)  podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 3

In glomerulonephritis, the normal filtration barrier is damaged and becomes far more permeable to plasmaproteins, such as albumin along with other solutes. How would that affect glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

GFR would go up for two reasons. 
(1) Th

Question 4

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
  
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "4."

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  minor calyx 
C)  ureter 
D)  major calyx 
E)  renal column 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  minor calyx 
C)  ureter 
D)  major calyx 
E)  renal column

Question 5

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. 
B)  decrease secretion of aldosterone. 
C)  increase release of angiotensin II by the adrenal glands. 
D)  increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
E)  decrease urinary albumin concentration. 
A)  increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. 
B)  decrease secretion of aldosterone. 
C)  increase release of angiotensin II by the adrenal glands. 
D)  increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
E)  decrease urinary albumin concentration.

Question 6

Basically, what occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium is pumped into the blood while potassium is actively transported out of the blood back into the tissues. 
B)  A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws out water, reducing it within the tubules and the urine. 
C)  Glucose and sodium are cotransported from urine back into blood. 
D)  Creatinine is actively transported out of the blood into urine. 
E)  Uric acid is excreted into the kidney tubules while urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop. 
A)  Sodium is pumped into the blood while potassium is actively transported out of the blood back into the tissues. 
B)  A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws out water, reducing it within the tubules and the urine. 
C)  Glucose and sodium are cotransported from urine back into blood. 
D)  Creatinine is actively transported out of the blood into urine. 
E)  Uric acid is excreted into the kidney tubules while urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.

Question 7

Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree except the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary 
B)  integumentary 
C)  digestive 
D)  endocrine 
E)  respiratory 
A)  urinary 
B)  integumentary 
C)  digestive 
D)  endocrine 
E)  respiratory

Question 8

The renal threshold for glucose is approximately ________ mg/dl.

Accepted Answer

A)  75 
B)  90 
C)  100 
D)  140 
E)  180 
A)  75 
B)  90 
C)  100 
D)  140 
E)  180

Question 9

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (NFP)?(Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

Accepted Answer

A)  FP = GHP + CsHP - BCOP 
B)  FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP) 
C)  FP = CsHP + GHP - BCOP 
D)  FP = BCOP - GHP + CsHP 
E)  FP = BCOP + (GHP - CsHP) 
A)  FP = GHP + CsHP - BCOP 
B)  FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP) 
C)  FP = CsHP + GHP - BCOP 
D)  FP = BCOP - GHP + CsHP 
E)  FP = BCOP + (GHP - CsHP)

Question 10

Prolonged aldosterone stimulation of the distal convoluted tubule may result in

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalcemia. 
B)  hypocalcemia. 
C)  hypokalemia. 
D)  hyperkalemia. 
E)  alkalosis. 
A)  hypercalcemia. 
B)  hypocalcemia. 
C)  hypokalemia. 
D)  hyperkalemia. 
E)  alkalosis.

Question 11

What is the creatinine clearance test? How can it be used to estimate GFR? How accurate is it?

Accepted Answer

This test relies on measuring total crea

Question 12

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "5."

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  nephron loop 
E)  glomerulus 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  nephron loop 
E)  glomerulus

Question 13

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriole. 
B)  efferent arteriole. 
C)  vasa recta. 
D)  interlobular arteriole. 
E)  renal vein. 
A)  afferent arteriole. 
B)  efferent arteriole. 
C)  vasa recta. 
D)  interlobular arteriole. 
E)  renal vein.

Question 14

You complain to the doctor about constant pain and discomfort in the low back area. What test might logically be recommended?

Accepted Answer

A)  an MRI 
B)  a pyelogram 
C)  a liver biopsy 
D)  an angiogram 
E)  a liver enzyme assay 
A)  an MRI 
B)  a pyelogram 
C)  a liver biopsy 
D)  an angiogram 
E)  a liver enzyme assay

Question 15

The proximal convoluted tubule cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  cuboidal cells with microvilli. 
B)  cuboidal cells without microvilli. 
C)  squamous cells. 
D)  columnar cells with microvilli. 
E)  columnar cell without microvilli. 
A)  cuboidal cells with microvilli. 
B)  cuboidal cells without microvilli. 
C)  squamous cells. 
D)  columnar cells with microvilli. 
E)  columnar cell without microvilli.

Question 16

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-What structure connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule? (Figure 26-6)

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  papillary duct 
D)  glomerular capsule 
E)  nephron loop 
A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  papillary duct 
D)  glomerular capsule 
E)  nephron loop

Question 17

The region of the nephron containing intercalated cells primarily associated with pH balance is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  nephron loop. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  papillary duct. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  nephron loop. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  papillary duct.

Exam 26: The Urinary System

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Where does secretion mostly occur?

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of which three layers?

In glomerulonephritis, the normal filtration barrier is damaged and becomes far more permeable to plasmaproteins, such as albumin along with other solutes. How would that affect glomerular filtration?

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "4."

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

Basically, what occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?

Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree except the ________ system.

The renal threshold for glucose is approximately ________ mg/dl.

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (NFP)?(Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

Prolonged aldosterone stimulation of the distal convoluted tubule may result in

What is the creatinine clearance test? How can it be used to estimate GFR? How accurate is it?

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "5."

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

You complain to the doctor about constant pain and discomfort in the low back area. What test might logically be recommended?

The proximal convoluted tubule cells are

In-Text Figure Based Questions -What structure connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule? (Figure 26-6)

The region of the nephron containing intercalated cells primarily associated with pH balance is the

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters