Question 1

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  blood osmotic pressure. 
C)  blood hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  renal pumping. 
E)  solvent drag. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  blood osmotic pressure. 
C)  blood hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  renal pumping. 
E)  solvent drag.

Question 2

Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a decline in the number of functional nephrons. 
B)  a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). 
C)  increased sensitivity to ADH. 
D)  problems with the micturition reflex. 
E)  loss of sphincter muscle tone. 
A)  a decline in the number of functional nephrons. 
B)  a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). 
C)  increased sensitivity to ADH. 
D)  problems with the micturition reflex. 
E)  loss of sphincter muscle tone.

Question 3

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ ml/min under resting conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  500 
B)  800 
C)  1200 
D)  1800 
E)  2500 
A)  500 
B)  800 
C)  1200 
D)  1800 
E)  2500

Question 4

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions 
B)  urea 
C)  large proteins 
D)  amino acids 
E)  creatinine 
A)  hydrogen ions 
B)  urea 
C)  large proteins 
D)  amino acids 
E)  creatinine

Question 5

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  cotransport. 
D)  countertransport. 
E)  stem cell movements. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  cotransport. 
D)  countertransport. 
E)  stem cell movements.

Question 6

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney. 
B)  urinary bladder. 
C)  rectum. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  urethra. 
A)  kidney. 
B)  urinary bladder. 
C)  rectum. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  urethra.

Question 7

Glomerulonephritis may occur as a consequence of an infection with the bacterium

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium difficile. 
B)  varicella. 
C)  Streptococcus. 
D)  MRSA. 
E)  Salmonella. 
A)  Clostridium difficile. 
B)  varicella. 
C)  Streptococcus. 
D)  MRSA. 
E)  Salmonella.

Question 8

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  minor calyx. 
A)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  minor calyx.

Question 9

Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  cotransport. 
E)  countertransport. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  cotransport. 
E)  countertransport.

Question 10

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. In what order does blood pass through these vessels starting at the renal artery?
1) afferent arteriole
2) arcuate artery
3) interlobar artery
4) segmental artery
5) glomerulus
6) cortical radiate artery
7) efferent arteriole
8) peritubular capillary

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8 
B)  4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8 
C)  4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8 
D)  4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8 
E)  4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8 
A)  4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8 
B)  4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8 
C)  4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8 
D)  4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8 
E)  4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8

Question 11

________ is/are an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulonephritis 
B)  Floating kidney 
C)  Polycystic kidney disease 
D)  Pyelonephrosis 
E)  Kidney stones 
A)  Glomerulonephritis 
B)  Floating kidney 
C)  Polycystic kidney disease 
D)  Pyelonephrosis 
E)  Kidney stones

Question 12

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-The (ureter or urethra) transports urine to the bladder. (Figure 26-18)

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter 
B)  urethra 
A)  ureter 
B)  urethra

Question 13

When the bladder is full, urine is eliminated through the process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  beta-oxidation. 
B)  defecation. 
C)  emesis. 
D)  micturition. 
E)  segmentation. 
A)  beta-oxidation. 
B)  defecation. 
C)  emesis. 
D)  micturition. 
E)  segmentation.

Question 14

The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  peritubular capillary bed 
C)  afferent arteriolar bed 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  vasa recta 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  peritubular capillary bed 
C)  afferent arteriolar bed 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  vasa recta

Question 15

What is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance travels during filtration?
1) filtration slit (slit pore)
2) capsular space
3) basement membrane
4) fenestrated endothelium

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 3, 2, 1 
B)  4, 1, 2, 3 
C)  4, 3, 1, 2 
D)  3, 1, 4, 2 
E)  2, 4, 3, 1 
A)  4, 3, 2, 1 
B)  4, 1, 2, 3 
C)  4, 3, 1, 2 
D)  3, 1, 4, 2 
E)  2, 4, 3, 1

Question 16

Which of the following statements is false regarding micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)  When you relax the external urethral sphincter, the internal sphincter will relax. 
B)  Urination will be completed despite voluntary opposition. 
C)  Parasympathetic nervous control is involved with the micturition reflex. 
D)  Stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated by the warm temperature of the urine. 
E)  Bladder contractions can force open the internal urethral sphincter. 
A)  When you relax the external urethral sphincter, the internal sphincter will relax. 
B)  Urination will be completed despite voluntary opposition. 
C)  Parasympathetic nervous control is involved with the micturition reflex. 
D)  Stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated by the warm temperature of the urine. 
E)  Bladder contractions can force open the internal urethral sphincter.

Question 17

You have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, a very severe autoimmune disorder with a wide varietyofassociated organ-related problems. Your doctor is particularly worried about how this will affect your kidney function. He says that you are susceptible to ________ because of the lupus.

Accepted Answer

A)  polycystic kidney 
B)  glomerulonephritis 
C)  cystitis 
D)  diabetes 
E)  renal calculi 
A)  polycystic kidney 
B)  glomerulonephritis 
C)  cystitis 
D)  diabetes 
E)  renal calculi

Question 18

The process of ________ involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion 
B)  facilitated diffusion 
C)  osmosis 
D)  bulk transport 
E)  active transport 
A)  simple diffusion 
B)  facilitated diffusion 
C)  osmosis 
D)  bulk transport 
E)  active transport

Question 19

The cells of the macula densa, the juxtaglomerular cells, and the extraglomerular mesangial cells form the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle. 
B)  filtration membrane. 
C)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
D)  juxtaglomerular complex. 
E)  afferent arteriole. 
A)  renal corpuscle. 
B)  filtration membrane. 
C)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
D)  juxtaglomerular complex. 
E)  afferent arteriole.

Question 20

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  net filtration pressure. 
B)  colloid pressure. 
C)  plasma volume. 
D)  kidney filtrate volume. 
E)  glomerular filtration rate. 
A)  net filtration pressure. 
B)  colloid pressure. 
C)  plasma volume. 
D)  kidney filtrate volume. 
E)  glomerular filtration rate.

Exam 26: The Urinary System

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following except

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ ml/min under resting conditions.

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

Glomerulonephritis may occur as a consequence of an infection with the bacterium

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of

________ is/are an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys.

In-Text Figure Based Questions -The (ureter or urethra) transports urine to the bladder. (Figure 26-18)

When the bladder is full, urine is eliminated through the process known as

The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

What is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance travels during filtration? 1) filtration slit (slit pore) 2) capsular space 3) basement membrane 4) fenestrated endothelium

Which of the following statements is false regarding micturition?

You have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, a very severe autoimmune disorder with a wide varietyofassociated organ-related problems. Your doctor is particularly worried about how this will affect your kidney function. He says that you are susceptible to ________ because of the lupus.

The process of ________ involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient.

The cells of the macula densa, the juxtaglomerular cells, and the extraglomerular mesangial cells form the

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters