Question 1

The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular maximum 
B)  hydrostatic threshold 
C)  blood colloid maximum 
D)  osmotic pressure 
E)  renal threshold 
A)  tubular maximum 
B)  hydrostatic threshold 
C)  blood colloid maximum 
D)  osmotic pressure 
E)  renal threshold

Question 2

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
  
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the region labeled "1."

Accepted Answer

A)  renal cortex 
B)  renal medulla 
C)  renal papilla 
D)  renal sinus 
E)  fibrous capsule 
A)  renal cortex 
B)  renal medulla 
C)  renal papilla 
D)  renal sinus 
E)  fibrous capsule

Question 3

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-In which region of the kidney is a glomerulus located? (Figure 26-5)

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous capsule 
B)  renal hilum 
C)  medullary pyramid 
D)  renal cortex 
E)  renal medulla 
A)  fibrous capsule 
B)  renal hilum 
C)  medullary pyramid 
D)  renal cortex 
E)  renal medulla

Question 4

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-ADH creates a (small or large) volume of (dilute or concentrated) urine. (Figure 26-15)

Accepted Answer

A)  small; dilute 
B)  small; concentrated 
C)  large; dilute 
D)  large; concentrated 
A)  small; dilute 
B)  small; concentrated 
C)  large; dilute 
D)  large; concentrated

Question 5

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-What four factors shown result in an increased blood volume? (Figure 26-11)

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sodium retention, increased fluid consumption, increasedfluid retention, andconstriction of systemic veins 
B)  decreased cardiac output, decreased fluid retention, decreasedsodium retention, and systemicvasodilation 
C)  increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure, increased bloodcolloid osmotic pressure,decreased capsular hydrostatic pressure, decreased capsular colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure, decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure,increased capsular hydrostaticpressure, increased capsular colloid osmotic pressure 
E)  increased sodium excretion, increased potassium retention, decreased fluid consumption,increased fluid retention 
A)  increased sodium retention, increased fluid consumption, increasedfluid retention, andconstriction of systemic veins 
B)  decreased cardiac output, decreased fluid retention, decreasedsodium retention, and systemicvasodilation 
C)  increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure, increased bloodcolloid osmotic pressure,decreased capsular hydrostatic pressure, decreased capsular colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure, decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure,increased capsular hydrostaticpressure, increased capsular colloid osmotic pressure 
E)  increased sodium excretion, increased potassium retention, decreased fluid consumption,increased fluid retention

Question 6

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its pH is below normal. 
B)  It will have the odor of ammonia. 
C)  It will contain large amounts of urobilin. 
D)  It will contain excess chloride ion. 
E)  It will have a high pH. 
A)  Its pH is below normal. 
B)  It will have the odor of ammonia. 
C)  It will contain large amounts of urobilin. 
D)  It will contain excess chloride ion. 
E)  It will have a high pH.

Question 7

The majority of renal innervation is by the

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic nervous system. 
B)  vagus nerve. 
C)  somatic nervous system. 
D)  sympathetic nervous system. 
E)  enteric nervous system. 
A)  parasympathetic nervous system. 
B)  vagus nerve. 
C)  somatic nervous system. 
D)  sympathetic nervous system. 
E)  enteric nervous system.

Question 8

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-Aldosterone-sensitive portions of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct allow for the exchangeofwhich ions? (Figure 26-13)

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of hydrogen ions in exchange for chloride ions 
B)  reabsorption of chloride ions in exchange for hydrogen ions 
C)  reabsorption of sodium ions in exchange for potassium ions 
D)  reabsorption of potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions 
E)  reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in exchange for hydrogen ions 
A)  reabsorption of hydrogen ions in exchange for chloride ions 
B)  reabsorption of chloride ions in exchange for hydrogen ions 
C)  reabsorption of sodium ions in exchange for potassium ions 
D)  reabsorption of potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions 
E)  reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in exchange for hydrogen ions

Question 9

Glomerular blood flow is unique because it flows

Accepted Answer

A)  through a glomerular portal vein. 
B)  directly from the renal artery into the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  from arteriole to capillary bed to arteriole. 
D)  from arteriole to capillary bed to vasa recta. 
E)  through the peritubular capillaries then into the glomerular capillaries. 
A)  through a glomerular portal vein. 
B)  directly from the renal artery into the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  from arteriole to capillary bed to arteriole. 
D)  from arteriole to capillary bed to vasa recta. 
E)  through the peritubular capillaries then into the glomerular capillaries.

Question 10

The detrusor muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. 
B)  compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. 
C)  functions as the internal urinary sphincter. 
D)  functions as the external urinary sphincter. 
E)  surrounds the renal pelvis. 
A)  moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. 
B)  compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. 
C)  functions as the internal urinary sphincter. 
D)  functions as the external urinary sphincter. 
E)  surrounds the renal pelvis.

Question 11

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Where would penicillin be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  5 
C)  4 
D)  3 
E)  3 and 4 
A)  6 
B)  5 
C)  4 
D)  3 
E)  3 and 4

Question 12

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
  
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "9."

Accepted Answer

A)  renal sinus 
B)  fibrous capsule 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  renal papilla 
E)  renal column 
A)  renal sinus 
B)  fibrous capsule 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  renal papilla 
E)  renal column

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. 
B)  is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. 
C)  causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 
D)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
E)  release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid. 
A)  increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. 
B)  is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. 
C)  causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 
D)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
E)  release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

Question 14

Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood 
B)  control of wastes in the blood 
C)  lipid digestion 
D)  regulation of blood pressure 
E)  maintenance of various blood ion concentrations 
A)  control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood 
B)  control of wastes in the blood 
C)  lipid digestion 
D)  regulation of blood pressure 
E)  maintenance of various blood ion concentrations

Question 15

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "1"?

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption 
B)  excretion 
C)  secretion 
D)  filtration 
E)  micturition 
A)  reabsorption 
B)  excretion 
C)  secretion 
D)  filtration 
E)  micturition

Question 16

Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium ions 
B)  glucose 
C)  albumin 
D)  amino acids 
E)  urea 
A)  sodium ions 
B)  glucose 
C)  albumin 
D)  amino acids 
E)  urea

Question 17

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  cotransport with Na and K ions. 
E)  countertransport for bicarbonate ion. 
A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  cotransport with Na and K ions. 
E)  countertransport for bicarbonate ion.

Question 18

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

Accepted Answer

A)  It releases renin. 
B)  It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C)  Final urine enters here. 
D)  Initial filtrate enters here. 
E)  It is the tip of the medullary pyramid. 
A)  It releases renin. 
B)  It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration. 
C)  Final urine enters here. 
D)  Initial filtrate enters here. 
E)  It is the tip of the medullary pyramid.

Question 19

The urinary system does all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  excreting excess albumin molecules. 
B)  regulating blood volume. 
C)  helping to stabilize blood pH. 
D)  eliminating organic waste products. 
E)  regulating plasma concentrations of electrolytes. 
A)  excreting excess albumin molecules. 
B)  regulating blood volume. 
C)  helping to stabilize blood pH. 
D)  eliminating organic waste products. 
E)  regulating plasma concentrations of electrolytes.

Question 20

Immediate local responses of the kidney to changes in blood flow to maintain GFR occur via

Accepted Answer

A)  autoregulation. 
B)  countercurrent multiplication. 
C)  hormonal regulation. 
D)  autonomic regulation. 
E)  cephalic reflexes. 
A)  autoregulation. 
B)  countercurrent multiplication. 
C)  hormonal regulation. 
D)  autonomic regulation. 
E)  cephalic reflexes.

Exam 26: The Urinary System

The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the region labeled "1."

In-Text Figure Based Questions -In which region of the kidney is a glomerulus located? (Figure 26-5)

In-Text Figure Based Questions -ADH creates a (small or large) volume of (dilute or concentrated) urine. (Figure 26-15)

In-Text Figure Based Questions -What four factors shown result in an increased blood volume? (Figure 26-11)

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true?

The majority of renal innervation is by the

In-Text Figure Based Questions -Aldosterone-sensitive portions of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct allow for the exchangeofwhich ions? (Figure 26-13)

Glomerular blood flow is unique because it flows

The detrusor muscle

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Where would penicillin be secreted?

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "9."

Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "1"?

Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane.

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

The urinary system does all of the following except

Immediate local responses of the kidney to changes in blood flow to maintain GFR occur via

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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