Question 1

__________ refers to thought processes that involve novel insights that go beyond the bounds of existing associations.

Accepted Answer

A) Convergent thinking 
B) Positive transfer 
C) Reproductive thinking 
D) Productive thinking 
A) Convergent thinking 
B) Positive transfer 
C) Reproductive thinking 
D) Productive thinking

Question 2

__________ refers to a set of processes for which the goal is to overcome obstacles obstructing the path to a solution.

Accepted Answer

A) Convergent thinking 
B) Problem solving 
C) Creativity 
D) Productive thinking 
A) Convergent thinking 
B) Problem solving 
C) Creativity 
D) Productive thinking

Question 3

Richard does not realize that his drinking is interfering with his daily activities and is becoming a problem.To address this problem,Richard first and foremost (before anything else)needs to __________ the problem.

Accepted Answer

A) define 
B) formulate a strategy to deal with 
C) identify the existence of 
D) evaluate 
A) define 
B) formulate a strategy to deal with 
C) identify the existence of 
D) evaluate

Question 4

How might incubation help in insightful problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

Incubation is a stage in the creative pr

Question 5

__________ refers to the inability to see that something that is known to have a particular use may also be used for performing other functions.

Accepted Answer

A) Functional inhibition 
B) Divergent thinking 
C) Introceptive thinking 
D) Functional fixedness 
A) Functional inhibition 
B) Divergent thinking 
C) Introceptive thinking 
D) Functional fixedness

Question 6

Some researchers argue that __________ motivators are essential to creativity and that __________ motivators may actually impede creativity under some circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) global;local 
B) local;global 
C) extrinsic;intrinsic 
D) intrinsic;extrinsic 
A) global;local 
B) local;global 
C) extrinsic;intrinsic 
D) intrinsic;extrinsic

Question 7

__________ is an aspect of problem solving during which the person devises and implements detailed tactics.

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid planning 
B) Crystallized planning 
C) Global planning 
D) Local planning 
A) Fluid planning 
B) Crystallized planning 
C) Global planning 
D) Local planning

Question 8

__________ occurs when solving an earlier problem makes it harder to solve a later one.

Accepted Answer

A) Divergent thinking 
B) Functional fixedness 
C) Negative transfer 
D) Positive transfer 
A) Divergent thinking 
B) Functional fixedness 
C) Negative transfer 
D) Positive transfer

Question 9

Many studies have investigated the ability to identify similar underlying structures in two problems (e.g. ,the "radiation problem" and "military problem").Which of the following statements is true regarding human ability to identify these similarities?

Accepted Answer

A) Similarities are easily identified when the problems are in the same context. 
B) Individuals spontaneously identify similarities and use them in problem solving. 
C) Individuals typically must explicitly look for similarities in order to find them. 
D) Similarities are more easily identified when the problems are from different domains. 
A) Similarities are easily identified when the problems are in the same context. 
B) Individuals spontaneously identify similarities and use them in problem solving. 
C) Individuals typically must explicitly look for similarities in order to find them. 
D) Similarities are more easily identified when the problems are from different domains.

Question 10

_____ is (are)a particular approach to problem solving which suggests the following steps: problem identification,problem definition,strategy formulation,organization of information,allocation of resources,monitoring,and evaluation.

Accepted Answer

A) Problem solving cycle 
B) Well-structured problems 
C) Ill-structured problems 
D) Entrenchment 
A) Problem solving cycle 
B) Well-structured problems 
C) Ill-structured problems 
D) Entrenchment

Question 11

The __________ refers to the universe of all possible actions that can be applied to solve a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) action space 
B) problem space 
C) action universe 
D) solution universe 
A) action space 
B) problem space 
C) action universe 
D) solution universe

Question 12

Cathy has three exams and two papers coming up,and she needs to decide how much time to spend on each project to maximize her chances of doing well on all of them.The problem-solving step primarily associated with this task is

Accepted Answer

A) problem definition. 
B) problem identification. 
C) organization of information. 
D) resource allocation. 
A) problem definition. 
B) problem identification. 
C) organization of information. 
D) resource allocation.

Question 13

Pat just found out that she must give a class presentation in 10 days.To this end,Pat breaks down the task of preparing for her presentation into specific,manageable steps she must take to do a good job.This problem-solving strategy primarily involves

Accepted Answer

A) analysis. 
B) synthesis. 
C) divergent thinking. 
D) convergent thinking. 
A) analysis. 
B) synthesis. 
C) divergent thinking. 
D) convergent thinking.

Question 14

__________ refers to a period of rest,following a period of intensive effort in problem solving,during which the problem-solver puts aside the problem for a while,thereby permitting greater mental flexibility so that insights may arise.

Accepted Answer

A) The insight facilitation stage 
B) The proceduralization period 
C) The automaticity stage 
D) Incubation 
A) The insight facilitation stage 
B) The proceduralization period 
C) The automaticity stage 
D) Incubation

Question 15

This specific test for creativity looks at a number of different measures including "diversity,numerosity,and appropriateness of responses to open-ended questions" (e.g. ,think of all the possible way you can use your shoelaces).

Accepted Answer

A) Creative Aptitude Test (CAT) 
B) Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking 
C) Generative Test of Creativity 
D) Multiple Measures Test of Creativity 
A) Creative Aptitude Test (CAT) 
B) Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking 
C) Generative Test of Creativity 
D) Multiple Measures Test of Creativity

Question 16

When problem-solvers __________,they fixate on a strategy that normally works in solving many problems,but that does not work in solving a particular problem of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) have an entrenched mental set 
B) have an unentrenched mental set 
C) experience heuristic facilitation 
D) experience algorithmic fixedness 
A) have an entrenched mental set 
B) have an unentrenched mental set 
C) experience heuristic facilitation 
D) experience algorithmic fixedness

Question 17

One factor that often leads to difficulty with problems is problem representation.What advice could you give to help someone with solving problems?

Accepted Answer

One piece of advice for helping someone

Question 18

__________ refer(s)to informal,intuitive,speculative strategies for solving problems,which sometimes work and sometimes do not.

Accepted Answer

A) Incubation 
B) Creativity 
C) Insight 
D) Heuristics 
A) Incubation 
B) Creativity 
C) Insight 
D) Heuristics

Question 19

__________ problems have the same formal structure and differ only in their content.

Accepted Answer

A) Acontextual 
B) Structural 
C) Isoformic 
D) Isomorphic 
A) Acontextual 
B) Structural 
C) Isoformic 
D) Isomorphic

Question 20

John,an expert chess player,is playing chess with Mark,a novice player.Late in the game Mark "accidentally" knocks over the board spilling the pieces on the floor.In this situation ______ is more likely to remember the position pieces because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Mark;his arousal was higher because he was losing 
B) John;he can rely on sophisticated schemas 
C) John;he focuses on superficial details during a match 
D) John;he is more likely to have "photographic" memory 
A) Mark;his arousal was higher because he was losing 
B) John;he can rely on sophisticated schemas 
C) John;he focuses on superficial details during a match 
D) John;he is more likely to have "photographic" memory

__________ refers to thought processes that involve novel insights that go beyond the bounds of existing associations.

__________ refers to a set of processes for which the goal is to overcome obstacles obstructing the path to a solution.

Richard does not realize that his drinking is interfering with his daily activities and is becoming a problem.To address this problem,Richard first and foremost (before anything else)needs to __________ the problem.

How might incubation help in insightful problem-solving?

__________ refers to the inability to see that something that is known to have a particular use may also be used for performing other functions.

Some researchers argue that motivators are essential to creativity and that motivators may actually impede creativity under some circumstances.

__________ is an aspect of problem solving during which the person devises and implements detailed tactics.

__________ occurs when solving an earlier problem makes it harder to solve a later one.

Many studies have investigated the ability to identify similar underlying structures in two problems (e.g. ,the "radiation problem" and "military problem").Which of the following statements is true regarding human ability to identify these similarities?

_____ is (are)a particular approach to problem solving which suggests the following steps: problem identification,problem definition,strategy formulation,organization of information,allocation of resources,monitoring,and evaluation.

The __________ refers to the universe of all possible actions that can be applied to solve a problem.

Cathy has three exams and two papers coming up,and she needs to decide how much time to spend on each project to maximize her chances of doing well on all of them.The problem-solving step primarily associated with this task is

Pat just found out that she must give a class presentation in 10 days.To this end,Pat breaks down the task of preparing for her presentation into specific,manageable steps she must take to do a good job.This problem-solving strategy primarily involves

__________ refers to a period of rest,following a period of intensive effort in problem solving,during which the problem-solver puts aside the problem for a while,thereby permitting greater mental flexibility so that insights may arise.

This specific test for creativity looks at a number of different measures including "diversity,numerosity,and appropriateness of responses to open-ended questions" (e.g. ,think of all the possible way you can use your shoelaces).

When problem-solvers __________,they fixate on a strategy that normally works in solving many problems,but that does not work in solving a particular problem of interest.

One factor that often leads to difficulty with problems is problem representation.What advice could you give to help someone with solving problems?

__________ refer(s)to informal,intuitive,speculative strategies for solving problems,which sometimes work and sometimes do not.

__________ problems have the same formal structure and differ only in their content.

John,an expert chess player,is playing chess with Mark,a novice player.Late in the game Mark "accidentally" knocks over the board spilling the pieces on the floor.In this situation is more likely to remember the position pieces because __.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention and Consciousness

Memory: Models and Research Methods

Memory Processes

The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions

The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

Language

Language in Context

Decision Making and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 11: Problem Solving and Creativity

__________ refers to thought processes that involve novel insights that go beyond the bounds of existing associations.

__________ refers to a set of processes for which the goal is to overcome obstacles obstructing the path to a solution.

Richard does not realize that his drinking is interfering with his daily activities and is becoming a problem.To address this problem,Richard first and foremost (before anything else)needs to __________ the problem.

How might incubation help in insightful problem-solving?

__________ refers to the inability to see that something that is known to have a particular use may also be used for performing other functions.

Some researchers argue that __________ motivators are essential to creativity and that __________ motivators may actually impede creativity under some circumstances.

__________ is an aspect of problem solving during which the person devises and implements detailed tactics.

__________ occurs when solving an earlier problem makes it harder to solve a later one.

Many studies have investigated the ability to identify similar underlying structures in two problems (e.g. ,the "radiation problem" and "military problem").Which of the following statements is true regarding human ability to identify these similarities?

_____ is (are)a particular approach to problem solving which suggests the following steps: problem identification,problem definition,strategy formulation,organization of information,allocation of resources,monitoring,and evaluation.

The __________ refers to the universe of all possible actions that can be applied to solve a problem.

Cathy has three exams and two papers coming up,and she needs to decide how much time to spend on each project to maximize her chances of doing well on all of them.The problem-solving step primarily associated with this task is

Pat just found out that she must give a class presentation in 10 days.To this end,Pat breaks down the task of preparing for her presentation into specific,manageable steps she must take to do a good job.This problem-solving strategy primarily involves

__________ refers to a period of rest,following a period of intensive effort in problem solving,during which the problem-solver puts aside the problem for a while,thereby permitting greater mental flexibility so that insights may arise.

This specific test for creativity looks at a number of different measures including "diversity,numerosity,and appropriateness of responses to open-ended questions" (e.g. ,think of all the possible way you can use your shoelaces).

When problem-solvers __________,they fixate on a strategy that normally works in solving many problems,but that does not work in solving a particular problem of interest.

One factor that often leads to difficulty with problems is problem representation.What advice could you give to help someone with solving problems?

__________ refer(s)to informal,intuitive,speculative strategies for solving problems,which sometimes work and sometimes do not.

__________ problems have the same formal structure and differ only in their content.

John,an expert chess player,is playing chess with Mark,a novice player.Late in the game Mark "accidentally" knocks over the board spilling the pieces on the floor.In this situation ______ is more likely to remember the position pieces because ________.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention and Consciousness

Memory: Models and Research Methods

Memory Processes

The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions

The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

Language

Language in Context

Decision Making and Reasoning

Filters

Some researchers argue that motivators are essential to creativity and that motivators may actually impede creativity under some circumstances.

John,an expert chess player,is playing chess with Mark,a novice player.Late in the game Mark "accidentally" knocks over the board spilling the pieces on the floor.In this situation is more likely to remember the position pieces because __.