Question 1

An optimal AP elbow projection is obtained when

Accepted Answer

A)  an imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is aligned perpendicular with the IR. 
B)  the radial tuberosity is demonstrated in profile laterally. 
C)  the radial head articulating surface is demonstrated. 
D)  the radial head superimposes the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna by 0.25 inch (0.6 cm). 
A)  an imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is aligned perpendicular with the IR. 
B)  the radial tuberosity is demonstrated in profile laterally. 
C)  the radial head articulating surface is demonstrated. 
D)  the radial head superimposes the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna by 0.25 inch (0.6 cm).

Question 2

Which side of the arm is positioned against the IR for the lateral fourth finger projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ulnar 
B)  Radial 
A)  Ulnar 
B)  Radial

Question 3

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the lateral wrist projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anteriorly 
B)  Medially 
C)  Laterally 
D)  Posteriorly 
A)  Anteriorly 
B)  Medially 
C)  Laterally 
D)  Posteriorly

Question 4

A less than optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates closed scaphotrapezium, scaphotrapezoidal, and CM joint spaces. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Externally rotate the wrist until it is at a 25-degree angle with the IR. 
B)  Extend the hand, positioning it flat against the IR. 
C)  Increase the degree of hand flexion. 
D)  Increase the degree of ulnar deviation until the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned. 
A)  Externally rotate the wrist until it is at a 25-degree angle with the IR. 
B)  Extend the hand, positioning it flat against the IR. 
C)  Increase the degree of hand flexion. 
D)  Increase the degree of ulnar deviation until the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned.

Question 5

PA wrist projection obtained in radial deviation demonstrates
1)the lunate positioned distal to the ulna.
2)a foreshortened scaphoid.
3)closed CM joints.
4)an elongated scaphoid.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  3 and 4 only 
C)  1, 2, and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, and 3 only 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  3 and 4 only 
C)  1, 2, and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, and 3 only

Question 6

Sharply recorded details are demonstrated on extremity images when
1)motion is controlled.
2)a large focal spot is used.
3)a small IR is used for computed radiography images.
4)a large OID is used.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  1, 3, and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4 
A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  1, 3, and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 7

What is the central ray angulation used for the PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a scaphoid wrist fracture is suspected, and the patient is unable to ulnar-deviate the wrist?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 degrees 
B)  20 degrees 
C)  5 to 10 degrees 
D)  20 to 25 degrees 
A)  15 degrees 
B)  20 degrees 
C)  5 to 10 degrees 
D)  20 to 25 degrees

Question 8

What is the degree of central ray angulation that should be used for an ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection being obtained to demonstrate a proximal scaphoid fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use a 10-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned. 
B)  Use a 25-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are not aligned. 
C)  Use a 15-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned. 
D)  Use a 20-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are not aligned. 
A)  Use a 10-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned. 
B)  Use a 25-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are not aligned. 
C)  Use a 15-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are aligned. 
D)  Use a 20-degree angle if the first metacarpal and ulna are not aligned.

Question 9

A less than optimal lateral hand projection demonstrating the longest of the second through fifth metacarpal midshafts situated anterior to the others

Accepted Answer

A)  was obtained with the hand internally rotated. 
B)  may result if the central ray was centered too anteriorly. 
C)  will also demonstrate closed IP joints. 
D)  will also demonstrate the distal scaphoid posterior to the pisiform. 
A)  was obtained with the hand internally rotated. 
B)  may result if the central ray was centered too anteriorly. 
C)  will also demonstrate closed IP joints. 
D)  will also demonstrate the distal scaphoid posterior to the pisiform.

Question 10

A less than optimal lateral wrist projection demonstrating the distal scaphoid anterior to the pisiform

Accepted Answer

A)  will also demonstrate the distal scaphoid proximal to the pisiform. 
B)  will also demonstrate the ulna anterior to the radius. 
C)  was obtained with the wrist in ulnar flexion. 
D)  was obtained with the wrist internally rotated. 
A)  will also demonstrate the distal scaphoid proximal to the pisiform. 
B)  will also demonstrate the ulna anterior to the radius. 
C)  was obtained with the wrist in ulnar flexion. 
D)  was obtained with the wrist internally rotated.

Question 11

A PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates a closed scaphocapitate joint and an open hamate-capitate joint. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the degree of external wrist rotation. 
B)  Decrease the degree of external wrist rotation. 
C)  Extend the fingers, with the hand flat. 
D)  Adjust the degree of central ray angulation. 
A)  Increase the degree of external wrist rotation. 
B)  Decrease the degree of external wrist rotation. 
C)  Extend the fingers, with the hand flat. 
D)  Adjust the degree of central ray angulation.

Question 12

A less than optimal PA wrist projection demonstrates an elongated scaphoid and the second through fourth metacarpals superimposing the CM joint spaces. Which of the following is true about this projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  The wrist was in ulnar flexion. 
B)  The wrist was flexed. 
C)  The hand was overflexed. 
D)  The wrist was externally rotated. 
A)  The wrist was in ulnar flexion. 
B)  The wrist was flexed. 
C)  The hand was overflexed. 
D)  The wrist was externally rotated.

Question 13

An AP elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile.
2)the radial tuberosity in profile medially.
3)an open capitulum-radial joint.
4)the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  1, 2, and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4 
A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  1, 2, and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 14

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the ulnar-deviated PA axial wrist projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anteriorly 
B)  Medially 
C)  Laterally 
D)  Posteriorly 
A)  Anteriorly 
B)  Medially 
C)  Laterally 
D)  Posteriorly

Question 15

A tangential, inferosuperior carpal canal wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates superimposition of the pisiform and hamulus of the hamate. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Externally rotate the hand. 
B)  Internally rotate the hand. 
C)  Decrease the central ray angulation. 
D)  Increase the central ray angulation. 
A)  Externally rotate the hand. 
B)  Internally rotate the hand. 
C)  Decrease the central ray angulation. 
D)  Increase the central ray angulation.

Question 16

Which of the following projections is used to prevent crossing of the forearm bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  AP projection 
B)  PA projection 
A)  AP projection 
B)  PA projection

Question 17

An optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the scaphoid fat stripe. 
B)  open scaphotrapezium and scaphotrapezoidal joint spaces. 
C)  a closed radioscaphoid joint space. 
D)  alignment of the long axis of the first metacarpal and radius. 
A)  the scaphoid fat stripe. 
B)  open scaphotrapezium and scaphotrapezoidal joint spaces. 
C)  a closed radioscaphoid joint space. 
D)  alignment of the long axis of the first metacarpal and radius.

Question 18

An optimally positioned PA wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  an open radioulnar articulation. 
B)  open second through fifth MC joint spaces. 
C)  alignment of the long axis of the third metacarpal and midforearm. 
D)  the pronator fat stripe. 
A)  an open radioulnar articulation. 
B)  open second through fifth MC joint spaces. 
C)  alignment of the long axis of the third metacarpal and midforearm. 
D)  the pronator fat stripe.

Question 19

Which of the following technical factors should be chosen when 20 mAs is desired and the patient being imaged has difficulty remaining still?

Accepted Answer

A)  200 mA at 0.1 sec 
B)  400 mA at 0.05 sec 
C)  100 mA at 0.4 sec 
D)  100 mA at 0.2 sec 
A)  200 mA at 0.1 sec 
B)  400 mA at 0.05 sec 
C)  100 mA at 0.4 sec 
D)  100 mA at 0.2 sec

Question 20

A less than optimal AP elbow projection demonstrating the ulna without radial head superimposition

Accepted Answer

A)  was obtained with the elbow in external rotation. 
B)  will also demonstrate the radial head articulating surface. 
C)  was obtained with the hand pronated. 
D)  was obtained with the elbow in internal rotation. 
A)  was obtained with the elbow in external rotation. 
B)  will also demonstrate the radial head articulating surface. 
C)  was obtained with the hand pronated. 
D)  was obtained with the elbow in internal rotation.

An optimal AP elbow projection is obtained when

Which side of the arm is positioned against the IR for the lateral fourth finger projection?

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the lateral wrist projection?

A less than optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates closed scaphotrapezium, scaphotrapezoidal, and CM joint spaces. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

PA wrist projection obtained in radial deviation demonstrates 1)the lunate positioned distal to the ulna. 2)a foreshortened scaphoid. 3)closed CM joints. 4)an elongated scaphoid.

Sharply recorded details are demonstrated on extremity images when 1)motion is controlled. 2)a large focal spot is used. 3)a small IR is used for computed radiography images. 4)a large OID is used.

What is the central ray angulation used for the PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a scaphoid wrist fracture is suspected, and the patient is unable to ulnar-deviate the wrist?

What is the degree of central ray angulation that should be used for an ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection being obtained to demonstrate a proximal scaphoid fracture?

A less than optimal lateral hand projection demonstrating the longest of the second through fifth metacarpal midshafts situated anterior to the others

A less than optimal lateral wrist projection demonstrating the distal scaphoid anterior to the pisiform

A PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates a closed scaphocapitate joint and an open hamate-capitate joint. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

A less than optimal PA wrist projection demonstrates an elongated scaphoid and the second through fourth metacarpals superimposing the CM joint spaces. Which of the following is true about this projection?

An AP elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile. 2)the radial tuberosity in profile medially. 3)an open capitulum-radial joint. 4)the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition.

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the ulnar-deviated PA axial wrist projection?

A tangential, inferosuperior carpal canal wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates superimposition of the pisiform and hamulus of the hamate. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

Which of the following projections is used to prevent crossing of the forearm bones?

An optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except

An optimally positioned PA wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except

Which of the following technical factors should be chosen when 20 mAs is desired and the patient being imaged has difficulty remaining still?

A less than optimal AP elbow projection demonstrating the ulna without radial head superimposition

Guidelines for Image Analysis

Visibility of Details

Image Analysis of the Chest and Abdomen

Image Analysis of the Shoulder

Image Analysis of the Lower Extremity

Image Analysis of the Hip and Pelvis

Image Analysis of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae

Image Analysis of the Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, and Coccyx

Image Analysis of the Sternum and Ribs

Image Analysis of the Cranium

Image Analysis of the Digestive System

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Exam 4: Image Analysis of the Upper Extremity

An optimal AP elbow projection is obtained when

Which side of the arm is positioned against the IR for the lateral fourth finger projection?

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the lateral wrist projection?

A less than optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates closed scaphotrapezium, scaphotrapezoidal, and CM joint spaces. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

PA wrist projection obtained in radial deviation demonstrates 1)the lunate positioned distal to the ulna. 2)a foreshortened scaphoid. 3)closed CM joints. 4)an elongated scaphoid.

Sharply recorded details are demonstrated on extremity images when 1)motion is controlled. 2)a large focal spot is used. 3)a small IR is used for computed radiography images. 4)a large OID is used.

What is the central ray angulation used for the PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection: a scaphoid wrist fracture is suspected, and the patient is unable to ulnar-deviate the wrist?

What is the degree of central ray angulation that should be used for an ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection being obtained to demonstrate a proximal scaphoid fracture?

A less than optimal lateral hand projection demonstrating the longest of the second through fifth metacarpal midshafts situated anterior to the others

A less than optimal lateral wrist projection demonstrating the distal scaphoid anterior to the pisiform

A PA axial, ulnar-deviated wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates a closed scaphocapitate joint and an open hamate-capitate joint. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

A less than optimal PA wrist projection demonstrates an elongated scaphoid and the second through fourth metacarpals superimposing the CM joint spaces. Which of the following is true about this projection?

An AP elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile. 2)the radial tuberosity in profile medially. 3)an open capitulum-radial joint. 4)the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition.

Where are the soft tissue structures that can be used to indicate joint effusion located on the ulnar-deviated PA axial wrist projection?

A tangential, inferosuperior carpal canal wrist projection with poor positioning demonstrates superimposition of the pisiform and hamulus of the hamate. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

Which of the following projections is used to prevent crossing of the forearm bones?

An optimal ulnar-deviated PA axial (scaphoid) wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except

An optimally positioned PA wrist projection demonstrates all of the following except

Which of the following technical factors should be chosen when 20 mAs is desired and the patient being imaged has difficulty remaining still?

A less than optimal AP elbow projection demonstrating the ulna without radial head superimposition

Guidelines for Image Analysis

Visibility of Details

Image Analysis of the Chest and Abdomen

Image Analysis of the Shoulder

Image Analysis of the Lower Extremity

Image Analysis of the Hip and Pelvis

Image Analysis of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae

Image Analysis of the Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, and Coccyx

Image Analysis of the Sternum and Ribs

Image Analysis of the Cranium

Image Analysis of the Digestive System

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