Exam 5: Image Analysis of the Shoulder

For an AP AC joint projection without weights, 1)the central ray is centered to the AC joint. 2)the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR. 3)a grid is used if the patient's AP measurement is 6 inches (15 cm). 4)the patient's shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.

How can the positioning setup be adjusted for an AP shoulder projection to demonstrate uniform density throughout the shoulder and clavicular areas? 1)Position the top of the shoulder at the cathode end of the tube. 2)Place a compensating filter over or under the laterally located acromion and clavicular end. 3)Use a kilovoltage above 75. 4)Use a grid.

For an AP shoulder projection, the 1)shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2)central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the coracoid. 3)imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the IR. 4)central ray is angled cephalically when a kyphotic patient is imaged.

Which of the following statements is true about an AP axial (Stryker method) projection of the proximal humerus?

A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection (Neer method) with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the superior scapular spine inferior to the clavicle. 2)superimposed scapular borders. 3)the glenoid cavity on end. 4)the coracoid, acromion, and scapular body creating the arms and leg of the Y formation.

An AP axial shoulder projection (Stryker method) with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1)coracoid process situated directly lateral to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle. 2)posterolateral aspect of the humeral head in profile laterally. 3)greater and lesser tubercles in partial profile. 4)coracoid process superimposed over the lateral clavicle.

For a PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection, the patient's 1)humerus is elevated until the hand is placed on the hip. 2)body is rotated toward the unaffected shoulder. 3)body is rotated until an imaginary line connecting the acromion angle and coracoid processes is aligned parallel with the IR. 4)midcoronal plane is vertical.

An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection that does not include the posterior aspects of the acromion and humerus was obtained

A lateral scapular projection obtained with the patient underrotated and the arm placed at a 90-degree angle with the patient demonstrates 1)superimposed lateral and vertebra scapular borders. 2)the lateral scapular border medial to the vertebral border. 3)the superior scapular angle inferior to the coracoid. 4)the vertebral scapular border medial to the lateral border.

Under which of the following conditions is it necessary to use a grid for an axial shoulder projection? 1)The AP measurement is over 4 inches (10 cm). 2)The kilovoltage used is above 60. 3)The inferosuperior measurement is more than 4 inches (10 cm). 4)The kilovoltage used is below 60.

The lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile on a(n) 1)neutral AP shoulder projection. 2)lateral humeral projection. 3)transthoracic lateral proximal humeral projection. 4)inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.

A poorly positioned AP axial clavicle projection that demonstrates the medial clavicular end drawn away from the vertebral column

A Hill-Sachs defect is a(n) _____ fracture that results from _____ dislocations of the humeral head against the _____ rim of the glenoid cavity.

To prevent longitudinal scapular foreshortening when obtaining an AP shoulder projection on a patient with excessive thoracic kyphosis, the

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the 1)patient's midcoronal plane is rotated to a 45-degree angle with the IR. 2)central ray is centered to the coracoid process. 3)patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder. 4)image is obtained with the patient in an upright position.

An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) taken with insufficient patient obliquity

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the patient is rotated more than 45 degrees when the patient is 1)recumbent. 2)kyphotic. 3)seated. 4)upright and leaning against the upright IR holder.

A tangential supraspinatus outlet projection (Neer method) with accurate positioning is obtained when 1)the arm is abducted and the midcoronal plane is at a 60-degree angle with the IR. 2)a 10- to 15-degree caudal central ray angulation is used. 3)the central ray is centered to the superior aspect of the humeral head. 4)the midcoronal plane is vertical.

An AP clavicle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1)the medial clavicular end next to the lateral edge of the vertebral column. 2)the superior scapular angle superior to the clavicle. 3)inferosuperior foreshortening on the kyphotic patient unless the central ray is angled cephalically. 4)an overexposed medial clavicle unless a compensating filter is used.

For an AP axial clavicle projection, 1)the patient's shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2)the central ray is angled 15 to 30 degrees cephalad. 3)a compensating filter is positioned over or under the lateral clavicle. 4)the central ray is centered halfway between the medial and lateral clavicular ends.