Question 1

Explain how ADH regulates the amount of urine produced and explain how the loop of Henle allows ADH to increase water absorption.

Accepted Answer

ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, regulates

Question 2

The percentage of water in urine is approximately _____%.

Accepted Answer

A)  55 
B)  65 
C)  80 
D)  95 
A)  55 
B)  65 
C)  80 
D)  95

Question 3

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-name given to the blood vessel surrounding the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 4

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  distal tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  collecting tubule. 
D)  proximal tubule. 
A)  distal tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  collecting tubule. 
D)  proximal tubule.

Question 5

Which statement best explains why the insertion of a urinary catheter would be an ineffective treatment for renal suppression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure falls to zero and the kidneys shut down, so a urinary catheter would not help this situation. 
B)  Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure is elevated and urine production is increased, thus allowing free-flowing urine. A urinary catheter isn't needed in this situation. 
C)  Renal suppression occurs when there is a disruption of nervous input to the bladder, resulting in loss of control of voiding. A urinary catheter would not be a treatment for the condition. 
D)  Renal suppression is caused by a urinary tract infection, and a urinary catheter would not be effective in treating this condition. 
A)  Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure falls to zero and the kidneys shut down, so a urinary catheter would not help this situation. 
B)  Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure is elevated and urine production is increased, thus allowing free-flowing urine. A urinary catheter isn't needed in this situation. 
C)  Renal suppression occurs when there is a disruption of nervous input to the bladder, resulting in loss of control of voiding. A urinary catheter would not be a treatment for the condition. 
D)  Renal suppression is caused by a urinary tract infection, and a urinary catheter would not be effective in treating this condition.

Question 6

Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. 
B)  The kidney is retroperitoneal. 
C)  The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. 
D)  All of the above are true of the kidney. 
A)  The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. 
B)  The kidney is retroperitoneal. 
C)  The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. 
D)  All of the above are true of the kidney.

Question 7

The microvilli on the luminal surface of each epithelial cell in the proximal tubule wall will:

Accepted Answer

A)  form a brush border that increases absorptive surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. 
B)  form an electrical gradient that drives the diffusion of negative ions from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid. 
C)  participate in the countercurrent mechanism, which allows the contents to flow in opposite directions. 
D)  increase the secretory surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. 
A)  form a brush border that increases absorptive surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. 
B)  form an electrical gradient that drives the diffusion of negative ions from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid. 
C)  participate in the countercurrent mechanism, which allows the contents to flow in opposite directions. 
D)  increase the secretory surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule.

Question 8

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 9

In the kidney,blood flows from the interlobular artery into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  efferent arteriole. 
C)  afferent arteriole. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  efferent arteriole. 
C)  afferent arteriole. 
D)  peritubular capillaries.

Question 10

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-structure other than the collecting duct in which adjustment of blood pH can occur

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 11

Which of the following structures does not enter or leave through the hilum of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calyx 
B)  Renal artery 
C)  Renal vein 
D)  Ureter 
A)  Calyx 
B)  Renal artery 
C)  Renal vein 
D)  Ureter

Question 12

Water will move by osmosis only in the presence of ADH in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  distal tubule. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  ascending limb of Henle. 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
A)  distal tubule. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  ascending limb of Henle. 
D)  Both A and B are correct.

Question 13

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1.
-ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 14

Fluid in the nephron would flow through these structures in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, bowman capsule, distal tubule, collecting duct 
B)  Bowman capsule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, distal tubule, collecting duct 
C)  Bowman capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct 
D)  None of the above are in the correct order. 
A)  Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, bowman capsule, distal tubule, collecting duct 
B)  Bowman capsule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, distal tubule, collecting duct 
C)  Bowman capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct 
D)  None of the above are in the correct order.

Question 15

Which of the following is(are)classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ureters 
B)  Urinary bladder 
C)  Urethra 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Ureters 
B)  Urinary bladder 
C)  Urethra 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  ANH 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  ADH 
D)  Both B and C 
A)  ANH 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  ADH 
D)  Both B and C

Question 17

The ion most likely to be reabsorbed after the reabsorption of sodium ions is:

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  both B and C. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  both B and C.

Question 18

Terry has lupus erythematosus and has been complaining of feelings of urgency,pain in urination,and the appearance of blood in the urine.More than likely,Terry is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial cystitis. 
B)  renal calculi. 
C)  renal ptosis. 
D)  renal sarcoma. 
A)  interstitial cystitis. 
B)  renal calculi. 
C)  renal ptosis. 
D)  renal sarcoma.

Question 19

Which best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
B)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
C)  Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. 
D)  Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production. 
A)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
B)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
C)  Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. 
D)  Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production.

Question 20

If a person becomes dehydrated,which hormone would you expect to find in high concentration in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 
C)  Para-aminohippurate acid (PAH) 
D)  Prolactin (PRL) 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 
C)  Para-aminohippurate acid (PAH) 
D)  Prolactin (PRL)

Exam 31: B: Urinary System

Explain how ADH regulates the amount of urine produced and explain how the loop of Henle allows ADH to increase water absorption.

The percentage of water in urine is approximately _____%.

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -name given to the blood vessel surrounding the loop of Henle

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:

Which statement best explains why the insertion of a urinary catheter would be an ineffective treatment for renal suppression?

Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?

The microvilli on the luminal surface of each epithelial cell in the proximal tubule wall will:

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties

In the kidney,blood flows from the interlobular artery into the:

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -structure other than the collecting duct in which adjustment of blood pH can occur

Which of the following structures does not enter or leave through the hilum of the kidney?

Water will move by osmosis only in the presence of ADH in the:

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1. -ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Fluid in the nephron would flow through these structures in which order?

Which of the following is(are)classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system?

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

The ion most likely to be reabsorbed after the reabsorption of sodium ions is:

Terry has lupus erythematosus and has been complaining of feelings of urgency,pain in urination,and the appearance of blood in the urine.More than likely,Terry is suffering from:

Which best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine?

If a person becomes dehydrated,which hormone would you expect to find in high concentration in the blood?

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