Question 1

List functions of the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular

Question 2

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogenous wastes 
B)  Hormones 
C)  Pigments 
D)  Plasma proteins 
A)  Nitrogenous wastes 
B)  Hormones 
C)  Pigments 
D)  Plasma proteins

Question 3

Place in correct anatomical order the structures of the pathway of urine leaving the distal tubule, beginning with the number 1.
-renal papilla

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 4

The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  distal tubule. 
C)  collecting tubule. 
D)  ascending loop of Henle. 
A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  distal tubule. 
C)  collecting tubule. 
D)  ascending loop of Henle.

Question 5

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-tube nearest to Bowman capsule

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 6

In the average bladder,what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void?

Accepted Answer

A)  250 ml 
B)  100 ml 
C)  600 ml 
D)  150 ml 
A)  250 ml 
B)  100 ml 
C)  600 ml 
D)  150 ml

Question 7

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule by the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  filtration. 
D)  osmosis. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  filtration. 
D)  osmosis.

Question 8

A good description of the urinary system function is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  produces urine. 
B)  balances blood plasma. 
C)  maintains the dynamic consistency of the internal fluid environment. 
D)  does all of the above. 
A)  produces urine. 
B)  balances blood plasma. 
C)  maintains the dynamic consistency of the internal fluid environment. 
D)  does all of the above.

Question 9

Explain how the loop of Henle establishes a solute concentration gradient from the top of the loop to the bottom of the loop.

Accepted Answer

The loop of Henle is a crucial part of t

Question 10

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1.
-Bowman capsule

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 11

Filtrate in which part of the nephron tubule has the highest osmolality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Ascending loop of Henle 
C)  Descending loop of Henle 
D)  Distal tubule 
A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Ascending loop of Henle 
C)  Descending loop of Henle 
D)  Distal tubule

Question 12

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors are a popular type of drug used to reduce high blood pressure.They act by preventing the activation of angiotensin.Briefly explain how the drugs can lower blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhi

Question 13

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1.
-proximal tubule

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 14

While washing her picture window,Martha sustained a large,deep laceration to her leg when the ladder accidentally crashed through the window as she attempted to reposition it.She experienced a large loss of blood before the paramedics arrived.Her blood pressure was very low,and her heart rate was rapid and thready.The paramedics treated her aggressively with intravenous fluids and pressure to stop any more blood loss.They were also concerned about Martha's renal function.Why?

Accepted Answer

The paramedics were concerned about Mart

Question 15

What effect on the treatment of secondary hypertension would you expect from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  When secondary hypertension occurs, the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin, which in turn results in angiotensin production and increased blood pressure, so giving ACE inhibitors may reduce the production of angiotensin and lower the blood pressure. 
B)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will relax the vessel, thus reducing blood pressure. 
C)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will decrease atherosclerotic plaque and result in a lower blood pressure. 
D)  ACE inhibitors will not have any effect on secondary hypertension. 
A)  When secondary hypertension occurs, the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin, which in turn results in angiotensin production and increased blood pressure, so giving ACE inhibitors may reduce the production of angiotensin and lower the blood pressure. 
B)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will relax the vessel, thus reducing blood pressure. 
C)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will decrease atherosclerotic plaque and result in a lower blood pressure. 
D)  ACE inhibitors will not have any effect on secondary hypertension.

Question 16

The movement of substances out of the _____ best describes secretion in the formation of urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood into the tubule 
B)  blood into Bowman capsule 
C)  tubules into interstitial fluids 
D)  glomerulus into the tubules 
A)  blood into the tubule 
B)  blood into Bowman capsule 
C)  tubules into interstitial fluids 
D)  glomerulus into the tubules

Question 17

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-blood vessel that surrounds the tubules of the nephron

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 18

Regarding reabsorption in the proximal tubules,which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium is actively transported out of the tubule fluid and into the blood. 
B)  Chloride ions are actively transported into the blood plasma. 
C)  Glucose and amino acids are transported with sodium and passively move out of the tubule fluid by means of the sodium cotransport mechanism. 
D)  About half of the urea present in the tubule fluid passively moves out of the tubule, leaving half the urea to move on to the loop of Henle. 
A)  Sodium is actively transported out of the tubule fluid and into the blood. 
B)  Chloride ions are actively transported into the blood plasma. 
C)  Glucose and amino acids are transported with sodium and passively move out of the tubule fluid by means of the sodium cotransport mechanism. 
D)  About half of the urea present in the tubule fluid passively moves out of the tubule, leaving half the urea to move on to the loop of Henle.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is not true of the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ureter is approximately 28 cm long. 
B)  The ureter conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the bladder. 
C)  The ureter is composed of two layers of tissue-an inner mucous layer and an outer fibrous layer. 
D)  All of the above are true of the ureter. 
A)  The ureter is approximately 28 cm long. 
B)  The ureter conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the bladder. 
C)  The ureter is composed of two layers of tissue-an inner mucous layer and an outer fibrous layer. 
D)  All of the above are true of the ureter.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. 
B)  The right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney. 
C)  The kidneys extend above the level of the twelfth rib. 
D)  The kidneys are retroperitoneal. 
A)  The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. 
B)  The right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney. 
C)  The kidneys extend above the level of the twelfth rib. 
D)  The kidneys are retroperitoneal.

Exam 31: B: Urinary System

List functions of the urinary bladder.

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

Place in correct anatomical order the structures of the pathway of urine leaving the distal tubule, beginning with the number 1. -renal papilla

The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the:

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -tube nearest to Bowman capsule

In the average bladder,what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void?

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule by the process of:

A good description of the urinary system function is that it:

Explain how the loop of Henle establishes a solute concentration gradient from the top of the loop to the bottom of the loop.

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1. -Bowman capsule

Filtrate in which part of the nephron tubule has the highest osmolality?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors are a popular type of drug used to reduce high blood pressure.They act by preventing the activation of angiotensin.Briefly explain how the drugs can lower blood pressure.

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1. -proximal tubule

What effect on the treatment of secondary hypertension would you expect from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor drugs?

The movement of substances out of the _____ best describes secretion in the formation of urine.

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -blood vessel that surrounds the tubules of the nephron

Regarding reabsorption in the proximal tubules,which of the following statements is not true?

Which of the following statements is not true of the ureter?

Which of the following statements is not true?

A: Organization of the Body

B: Organization of the Body

A: The Chemical Basis of Life

B: The Chemical Basis of Life

A: Anatomy of Cells

B: Anatomy of Cells

Physiology of Cells

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Tissues

A: Skin and Its Appendages

B: Skin and Its Appendages

A: Skeletal Tissues

B: Skeletal Tissues

Skeletal System

A: Articulations

B: Articulations

A: Anatomy of the Muscular System

B: Anatomy of the Muscular System

A: Physiology of the Muscular System

B: Physiology of the Muscular System

A: Nervous System Cells

B: Nervous System Cells

A: Central Nervous System

B: Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

A: Sense Organs

B: Sense Organs

Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

B: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

A: Immune System

B: Immune System

Stress

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

B: Physiology of the Respiratory System

A: Anatomy of the Digestive System

B: Anatomy of the Digestive System

A: Physiology of the Digestive System

B: Physiology of the Digestive System

A: Nutrition and Metabolism

B: Nutrition and Metabolism

A: Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

A: Female Reproductive System

B: Female Reproductive System

A: Growth and Development

B: Growth and Development

A: Genetics and Heredity

B: Genetics and Heredity

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