Exam 27: A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

The gas laws are based on the concept of a standard gas whose molecules are so far apart that they rarely collide.

Iron is important in hemoglobin because it carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

The Heimlich maneuver is effective because of the exertion of positive pressure on lung tissue.

Peak flow can be measured by a simple,handheld spirometer.

Vital capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume,tidal volume,and expiratory reserve volume.

The amount of air that could be forcibly expired after normal expiration is called the functional residual capacity.

Physiological dead air space can never be less than anatomical dead air space.

The anatomical dead space is approximately equal to the same number of milliliters as the individual's weight in pounds.

A relatively large increase in arterial oxygen partial pressure stimulates an increase in breathing rate.

When the diaphragm contracts,it pulls the base of the ribs together,forcing air out of the lungs.

When cells increase the rate of oxygen usage,there is an increase in the delivery of oxygen to the cells.

Because residual volume cannot be voluntarily exhaled,it is not included as part of vital capacity.

One reason that carbon monoxide gas is so dangerous is that it attaches to hemoglobin more readily than does oxygen gas.

The PO₂ is higher in the femoral artery than in the femoral vein.

The residual volume is increased with a pneumothorax.

Cerebral impulses are a more powerful regulator of respirations than the carbon dioxide content of the blood.

An apparatus called a spirometer is used to measure the volume of air exchanged in breathing.

About 20% of the carbon dioxide that is carried in the blood is carried on hemoglobin attached to the acid group of an amino acid.

Blood is distributed through the capillaries in a layer so thin that each red blood cell comes in contact with the alveolar-capillary membrane.

Contraction of the diaphragm alone can produce quiet respiration.