Exam 30: A: Nutrition and Metabolism

Both the appetite and the satiety center are found in the hypothalamus.

The liver cells make some proteins for export.

In the anaerobic pathway,glucose can be converted to lactic acid without the use of oxygen.The lactic acid can then enter the citric acid cycle.

ATP can be broken down and rebuilt in a process called the ATP/ADP cycle.

The end product of glycolysis,pyruvic acid,is the starting substance for the citric acid cycle.

Assimilation is an intracellular event.

Adenosine triphosphate has three high-energy phosphate bonds.

The body has the ability to make two vitamins: vitamins D and K.

The group of hormones called incretins act to increase the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas,which would raise the blood level of glucose.

Pyruvic acid has twice the number of carbon atoms as does glucose.

Proteins and fats are used primarily for catabolism.

Minerals function in various chemical reactions such as nerve conduction and contraction in muscle fibers.

The hormone leptin is frequently given to people undergoing chemotherapy to stimulate their appetite.

Keto acids are formed in protein catabolism and can be oxidized in the citric acid cycle.

There are lipids,carbohydrates,and amino acids that are needed by the body but cannot be made by the body.Because of this,they are called "essential" and must be included in the diet.

Most vegetables are an excellent source of essential amino acids.

Men and women who are the same age and the same body size usually oxidize food at the same rate.

Because red blood cells contain no mitochondria,they must get all of their energy through oxidative phosphorylation.

When the cell has sufficient oxygen,glycolysis does not occur.

Foods coming from plants do not contain cholesterol.