Exam 30: A: Nutrition and Metabolism

The monosaccharides fructose,glucose,and galactose are all equally useful to the cell.

At the end of the cytochrome electron transport process,oxygen accepts two electrons and combines with two hydrogen ions.

You would expect to find very little fructose in the general circulation even after a meal that included fruit.

The metabolic rate refers to the amount of energy released by catabolism.

In the electron transport system,electrons moving down the carrier chain release bursts of energy used to pump neutrons into the compartment between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondrion.

The amount of glycogen being made must be regulated because too much glycogen can upset the osmotic balance in the cell.

Protein-poor diets,starvation,and wasting illnesses produce a negative nitrogen balance.

Glycogenesis is an example of carbohydrate anabolism.

Carbohydrates and fats have a lower thermic effect than do proteins.

Glycolysis releases only about 25% of the energy stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule.

Although cellulose has no nutrient value,it may be helpful in lowering the risk of some cancers.

Glucagon accelerates glycogenolysis in liver cells.

Energy released and used for forming ATP comes from the ionization of oxygen.

Body weight increases when energy input is less than energy output.

Six or seven hours after eating,there would be very few chylomicrons in the blood.

The citric acid cycle begins with a molecule of pyruvic acid joining with a molecule of citric acid.

Waiting until after a 12- to 18-hour postabsorptive period had past would be necessary to obtain an accurate measure of the basal metabolic rate.

Both epinephrine and glucagon accelerate liver and muscle glycogenolysis.

Most vitamins are organic substances that act as coenzymes.

One benefit of exercise is that it tends to increase blood levels of LDL.