Exam 8: Memory

Loftus and Palmer were investigating the reconstructive nature of human memory.They showed a video clip of a traffic accident and asked participants in their experiment to estimate how fast the cars had been traveling.For half the participants, the question contained the phrase "smashed into," and for the remainder, the question contained the phrase "contacted." Loftus and Palmer found that the participants who heard the phrase "smashed into":

When studying for a multiple choice test, it's best to test oneself by using a:

Amelia is watching her baby sister shake a rattle.As long as the rattle is being shaken, all Amelia sees is a blur of color.She can only make out the shape of the rattle when the rattle stops moving.The "blurred" image that Amelia sees as long as the rattle is moving results from the way in which:

Problems in the ability to use short-term memory effectively have been found to be associated with clinical conditions such as:

You have no memory of being in this restaurant, but as soon as you walk in, you feel like you've been here before.Your déjà vu experience is probably linked to a similar location you don't remember, or:

As a general rule, memory span is roughly equal to the amount of material you can internally rehearse in about 20 milliseconds.

Korsakoff's Syndrome can cause:

It is possible that testing oneself on material one has to learn improves memory by:

Brooke is studying French.When her teacher writes the French word for rabbit on the board (lapin) Brooke thinks of a soft bunny sitting "in someone's lap." On the exam when she sees the word "lapin," Brooke instantly recalls the visual image and recognizes that lapin is the French word for rabbit.This memory strategy is an example of the mnemonic device known as:

Clint was used to eating in one particular fast-food chain near his house.When he moved away from home, there was a different chain in his new neighborhood.Even though he had never eaten in this particular chain, Clint walked up to the counter, ordered his food, paid, and waited at the counter for his food.The fact that Clint "remembered" what to do, based on the similarities between this fast-food outlet and other fast-food outlets he had frequented in the past, most clearly illustrates the concept of:

Which of the following is a variety of long-term memory?

Selma asks Dylan for directions to his house.When he tells her to turn on 4ᵗʰ Street, she asks what color the house is on the corner where she turns.Dylan is surprised that he actually knows the house is blue, since he never really thought about it before.The fact that Dylan recalls this information without any conscious awareness illustrates the concept of:

Malcolm is house hunting, and in a single day he visits eight different houses.He recalls the last house he saw quite vividly, but he finds it more difficult to remember specific details about the houses that he visited earlier.Based on research into memory errors, you should conclude that Malcolm's memory difficulties best illustrate:

Hearing-impaired individuals who communicate with American Sign Language:

Both implicit and explicit memory are strongly influenced by retrieval cues.

Which of the following techniques can be used to improve memory performance?

Miriam is in her 90s and is preparing to write her autobiography.A friend who is a psychologist told her about the reminiscence bump.Based on this information, Miriam is expecting which of the following to occur as she sets out to write her book?

Deaf or hearing-impaired individuals, particularly those who communicate with American Sign Language, may not rely on an inner voice to the same extent as people with normal hearing.

When Meredith was a child, she saw her uncle murdered during an armed robbery.When she was in college, a family friend asked her what the event was like.Meredith was confused by the question, because she had no memory of that ever happening.Meredith was likely to have experienced:

When we use ____________________, then information is remembered without conscious awareness or willful intent.