Exam 7: Learning From Experience

Tonya was playing backgammon and she needed to roll a pair of sixes on her next throw of the dice in order to win the game.She shook the dice three times in her right hand, blew on them once, and rolled.When the dice fell, they landed with double sixes facing up.Now Tonya always shakes the dice three times and blows on them before she rolls, and about 15% of the time, she rolls doubles of some number.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Tonya's behavior best illustrates the concept known as:

If you wanted your best friend to spend less time talking about her boyfriend, you might leave every time she started talking about him, saying that you just remembered that you had to be somewhere.In the framework of operant conditioning, your frowning would be:

Cate hears a funny ticking sound when she presses the gas pedal in her car.She hasn't noticed it before and she turns off the radio and leans forward in order to hear it better.Cate's shift in attention illustrates the behavior that psychologists refer to as:

Rhesus monkeys often acquire a fear of snakes after watching the reactions of other monkeys around snakes.Based on what is known about learning, you should conclude that rhesus monkeys may acquire a fear of snakes through the process known as:

Matthew used to like strawberries and tried some frozen strawberry daiquiris one night.After the sixth daiquiri, Matthew became extremely ill.Now Matthew finds that even the smell of strawberries can make him feel nauseated.In this example of classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is:

According to psychologists, habituation is:

In classical conditioning, the return of a conditioned response that had been extinguished, after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus is referred to as:

In classical conditioning, stimulus generalization occurs when:

The term ____________________ is used to refer to the circumstance when a new stimulus produces a response similar to the one produced by the condition stimulus.

Arthur saw a piece of gum on his shoe as he stepped up to the plate for his turn at bat.He tapped his shoe three times before the gum fell off, then he kicked the gum to one side.When the pitcher threw the ball, Arthur hit a home run.Now he ensures that he taps his shoe three times and kicks the ground once before every swing, and about 15% of the time he gets a hit.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Arthur's behavior best illustrates the concept referred to as:

Nora has started withholding physical affection from her boyfriend when he behaves badly on their dates.Nora has starting using which of the following as a way to reduce the likelihood that her boyfriend will behave badly.

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that automatically leads to an observable response prior to any training is a(n) ____________________ stimulus.

Research has shown that classical conditioning will be most effective when the conditioned stimulus:

Through operant conditioning, we learn that:

Differentiate between habituation and sensitization.

Seeing blood always has made Sela feel sick.The movie she saw last week presented a drill-like noise just before the madman butchered each victim.Sela has noticed that she now feels queasy each time she hears the drills at the construction site next door.Based on what is known about different types of learning, you should conclude that Sela's problem is most likely the result of the type of learning known as:

Habituation and sensitization can be thought of as learning:

An author has just written a book about the person who first proposed the process of classical conditioning.The book would be about:

Blocking occurs during classical conditioning when a new stimulus:

The Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov is well known for his demonstrations of: