Question 1

The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) ATP. 
D) FADH₂. 
A) CO₂. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) ATP. 
D) FADH₂. B

Question 2

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) production of CO₂ 
B) conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds 
C) a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule 
D) conversion of NADH to NAD⁺ 
A) production of CO₂ 
B) conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds 
C) a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule 
D) conversion of NADH to NAD⁺ B

Question 3

When an organism such as a yeast lives by fermentation, it converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into a different compound, such as alcohol. Why doesn't it secrete the pyruvate directly?

Accepted Answer

A) The conversion yields 32 ATP per pyruvate molecule. 
B) The conversion yields one NADH per pyruvate molecule. 
C) The conversion is needed to regenerate the molecules needed for glycolysis. 
D) A buildup of pyruvate in the surrounding environment would be too toxic. 
A) The conversion yields 32 ATP per pyruvate molecule. 
B) The conversion yields one NADH per pyruvate molecule. 
C) The conversion is needed to regenerate the molecules needed for glycolysis. 
D) A buildup of pyruvate in the surrounding environment would be too toxic. C

Question 4

After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate is oxidized. 
B) a carbon atom is added to pyruvate to make a four-carbon compound. 
C) coenzyme A is cleaved off pyruvate. 
D) glucose is split, producing two molecules of pyruvate. 
A) pyruvate is oxidized. 
B) a carbon atom is added to pyruvate to make a four-carbon compound. 
C) coenzyme A is cleaved off pyruvate. 
D) glucose is split, producing two molecules of pyruvate.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it does not require oxygen. 
B) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it is not located in a membrane-bound organelle. 
C) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it occurs universally. 
D) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis. 
A) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it does not require oxygen. 
B) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it is not located in a membrane-bound organelle. 
C) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it occurs universally. 
D) Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis.

Question 6

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) They produce ATP. 
B) They produce glucose. 
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. 
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen. 
A) They produce ATP. 
B) They produce glucose. 
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. 
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.

Question 7

The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that

Accepted Answer

A) permits the expansion of mitochondria as oxygen accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B) helps mitochondria divide during times of greatest cellular respiration. 
C) increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes. 
D) carefully encloses the DNA housed within the mitochondrial matrix. 
A) permits the expansion of mitochondria as oxygen accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B) helps mitochondria divide during times of greatest cellular respiration. 
C) increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes. 
D) carefully encloses the DNA housed within the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 8

When a cell uses fatty acids for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to

Accepted Answer

A) glycerol and amino acids. 
B) glycerol and fatty acids. 
C) fatty acids and sugars. 
D) sugars and glycerol. 
A) glycerol and amino acids. 
B) glycerol and fatty acids. 
C) fatty acids and sugars. 
D) sugars and glycerol.

Question 9

By-products of cellular respiration include

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen and heat. 
B) carbon dioxide and water. 
C) FADH₂ and NADH. 
D) NADH and ATP. 
A) oxygen and heat. 
B) carbon dioxide and water. 
C) FADH₂ and NADH. 
D) NADH and ATP.

Question 10

If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) fat 
B) glucose 
C) protein 
D) starch 
A) fat 
B) glucose 
C) protein 
D) starch

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B) The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate. 
C) Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) A gradient of H⁺ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
A) ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B) The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate. 
C) Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) A gradient of H⁺ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 12

When proteins are used as a source of energy for the body, the proteins

Accepted Answer

A) are converted into glucose molecules, which are fed into glycolysis. 
B) are converted mainly into intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. 
C) donate electrons directly to the electron transport chain. 
D) are hydrolyzed to glucose and converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. 
A) are converted into glucose molecules, which are fed into glycolysis. 
B) are converted mainly into intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. 
C) donate electrons directly to the electron transport chain. 
D) are hydrolyzed to glucose and converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle.

Question 13

The end products of glycolysis include

Accepted Answer

A) NADH. 
B) acetyl CoA. 
C) citric acid. 
D) O₂. 
A) NADH. 
B) acetyl CoA. 
C) citric acid. 
D) O₂.

Question 14

In fermentation, ________ is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) NADH; reduced 
B) NAD⁺; oxidized 
C) NADH; oxidized 
D) ethanol; oxidized 
A) NADH; reduced 
B) NAD⁺; oxidized 
C) NADH; oxidized 
D) ethanol; oxidized

Question 15

Which step of the citric acid cycle requires both NAD⁺ and ADP as reactants?

Accepted Answer

A) step 1 
B) step 2 
C) step 3 
D) step 4 
A) step 1 
B) step 2 
C) step 3 
D) step 4

Question 16

Yeasts can produce ATP by either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation; thus, they are

Accepted Answer

A) strict anaerobes. 
B) strict aerobes. 
C) facultative anaerobes. 
D) facultative aerobes. 
A) strict anaerobes. 
B) strict aerobes. 
C) facultative anaerobes. 
D) facultative aerobes.

Question 17

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 36 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 36

Question 18

Pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A) forms at the end of glycolysis. 
B) is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle. 
C) is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) is a six-carbon molecule. 
A) forms at the end of glycolysis. 
B) is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle. 
C) is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) is a six-carbon molecule.

Question 19

Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation 
B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle 
C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis 
D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle 
A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation 
B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle 
C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis 
D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle

Question 20

Wood frogs freeze solid during the winter and then thaw in the spring. As the freezing progresses, blood circulation stops. How would you expect cells not being served by the circulatory system to produce ATP during this time, and what by-product would you expect to build up in the cells?

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic respiration and CO₂ 
B) fermentation and lactate 
C) fermentation and alcohol 
D) photosynthesis and O₂ 
A) aerobic respiration and CO₂ 
B) fermentation and lactate 
C) fermentation and alcohol 
D) photosynthesis and O₂

Exam 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

When an organism such as a yeast lives by fermentation, it converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into a different compound, such as alcohol. Why doesn't it secrete the pyruvate directly?

After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that

When a cell uses fatty acids for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to

By-products of cellular respiration include

If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?

When proteins are used as a source of energy for the body, the proteins

The end products of glycolysis include

In fermentation, ________ is ________.

Which step of the citric acid cycle requires both NAD⁺ and ADP as reactants?

Yeasts can produce ATP by either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation; thus, they are

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

Pyruvate

Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order?

Wood frogs freeze solid during the winter and then thaw in the spring. As the freezing progresses, blood circulation stops. How would you expect cells not being served by the circulatory system to produce ATP during this time, and what by-product would you expect to build up in the cells?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

In fermentation, is .