Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis is false?

Accepted Answer

A) In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced. 
B) Cells produced by mitosis are diploid, whereas cells produced by meiosis are haploid. 
C) In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice. 
D) Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis. 
A) In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced. 
B) Cells produced by mitosis are diploid, whereas cells produced by meiosis are haploid. 
C) In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice. 
D) Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis. D

Question 2

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of

Accepted Answer

A) gametes. 
B) homologous chromosomes. 
C) possible combinations of characteristics. 
D) sex chromosomes. 
A) gametes. 
B) homologous chromosomes. 
C) possible combinations of characteristics. 
D) sex chromosomes. C

Question 3

Cancer is not usually inherited because

Accepted Answer

A) the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells. 
B) people with cancer usually die before reproducing. 
C) the causes of cancer are not usually genetic. 
D) the cancerous cells usually interfere with the ability to produce gametes. 
A) the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells. 
B) people with cancer usually die before reproducing. 
C) the causes of cancer are not usually genetic. 
D) the cancerous cells usually interfere with the ability to produce gametes. A

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the cell cycle control system is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division. 
B) The cell cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle. 
C) The cell cycle control system includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle. 
D) The cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors. 
A) The cell cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division. 
B) The cell cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle. 
C) The cell cycle control system includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle. 
D) The cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Nondisjunction in meiosis can affect autosomes and sex chromosomes. 
B) In mammals, extra copies of the Y chromosome are typically inactivated. 
C) In general, a single Y chromosome is enough to produce "maleness." 
D) Women with a single X chromosome have Turner syndrome and are sterile. 
A) Nondisjunction in meiosis can affect autosomes and sex chromosomes. 
B) In mammals, extra copies of the Y chromosome are typically inactivated. 
C) In general, a single Y chromosome is enough to produce "maleness." 
D) Women with a single X chromosome have Turner syndrome and are sterile.

Question 6

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I and random fertilization are most like

Accepted Answer

A) shuffling cards and dealing out hands of poker. 
B) cutting up a pie into eight even-sized slices. 
C) alphabetizing files in a filing cabinet. 
D) pairing up similar socks after washing your clothes. 
A) shuffling cards and dealing out hands of poker. 
B) cutting up a pie into eight even-sized slices. 
C) alphabetizing files in a filing cabinet. 
D) pairing up similar socks after washing your clothes.

Question 7

Your friend is working in a lab whose members are supposed to be culturing (growing)animal cells in petri dishes. They keep complaining to you, however, that no matter what they do, they can't get their cells to grow. Which of the following is not a possible explanation for why the cells are not growing?

Accepted Answer

A) The cells need to be given the correct growth factors in order to grow. 
B) The cells are too dense and thus need to be diluted in order to grow. 
C) The cells are either mature human nerve or muscle cells, which do not divide and grow. 
D) The cells are on petri dishes but should be floating in liquid media in order for them to grow. 
A) The cells need to be given the correct growth factors in order to grow. 
B) The cells are too dense and thus need to be diluted in order to grow. 
C) The cells are either mature human nerve or muscle cells, which do not divide and grow. 
D) The cells are on petri dishes but should be floating in liquid media in order for them to grow.

Question 8

You and your lab partner are observing a cell under a microscope, but you do not know whether it is a eukaryote or a prokaryote. Which of the following observations regarding the chromosomes would you use to immediately conclude that the cell is a eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

A) The chromosomes are circular in structure. 
B) The chromosomes are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. 
C) The chromosomes contain very few proteins. 
D) The chromosomes are very simple in structure. 
A) The chromosomes are circular in structure. 
B) The chromosomes are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. 
C) The chromosomes contain very few proteins. 
D) The chromosomes are very simple in structure.

Question 9

Which of the following variations of the sentence "Where is the cat?" is most like a chromosomal deletion?

Accepted Answer

A) Where is cat? 
B) Where is the the cat? 
C) Where the is cat? 
D) Where is cat the the cat? 
A) Where is cat? 
B) Where is the the cat? 
C) Where the is cat? 
D) Where is cat the the cat?

Question 10

A cell that has a cell wall is undergoing cell division, and the following events are observed: the formation of a cell plate and the division of the cell into two daughter cells. What type of cell is being observed and what process(es)is it going through?

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryote; telophase of mitosis 
B) animal cell; telophase and cytokinesis of mitosis 
C) plant cell; telophase and cytokinesis of mitosis 
D) plant cell; telophase II of meiosis 
A) prokaryote; telophase of mitosis 
B) animal cell; telophase and cytokinesis of mitosis 
C) plant cell; telophase and cytokinesis of mitosis 
D) plant cell; telophase II of meiosis

Question 11

Oncologists (medical doctors who treat cancer patients)routinely take biopsies (samples)of tissue from patients to determine whether the tissue is cancerous or not. What would be the best experiment to do to determine whether cells from the tissue sample are cancerous?

Accepted Answer

A) Count the number of chromosomes in the cells from the tissue sample and compare to the number of chromosomes in noncancerous cells from the patient. 
B) Add cells from the tissue sample to a cell culture dish and compare their growth against a sample of noncancerous cells from the patient. 
C) Measure the amount of DNA in G₁ in the cells from the tissue sample and compare it to the amount of DNA in G₂ in noncancerous cells from the patient. 
D) Add cells from the tissue sample to a rat to see whether the rat develops cancer or not. 
A) Count the number of chromosomes in the cells from the tissue sample and compare to the number of chromosomes in noncancerous cells from the patient. 
B) Add cells from the tissue sample to a cell culture dish and compare their growth against a sample of noncancerous cells from the patient. 
C) Measure the amount of DNA in G₁ in the cells from the tissue sample and compare it to the amount of DNA in G₂ in noncancerous cells from the patient. 
D) Add cells from the tissue sample to a rat to see whether the rat develops cancer or not.

Question 12

Which of the following features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal cells lack the microfilaments required for forming a cleavage furrow. 
B) Animal cells lack chloroplasts. 
C) Plant cells have cell walls. 
D) Plant cells have two sets of chromosomes; animal cells have one set of chromosomes. 
A) Animal cells lack the microfilaments required for forming a cleavage furrow. 
B) Animal cells lack chloroplasts. 
C) Plant cells have cell walls. 
D) Plant cells have two sets of chromosomes; animal cells have one set of chromosomes.

Question 13

You are a medical student and are reviewing a case study about a past patient. The patient was 4 feet 8 inches tall at age 38, was unable to have children, and had an above-average intelligence. The patient also had an irregular number of chromosomes. What diagnosis would you give the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Turner syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Klinefelter syndrome 
D) chronic myelogenous leukemia 
A) Turner syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Klinefelter syndrome 
D) chronic myelogenous leukemia

Question 14

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have

Accepted Answer

A) identical chromosomes but different genes. 
B) identical genes but different chromosomes. 
C) the same combination of traits but different genes. 
D) a similar but not identical combination of genes. 
A) identical chromosomes but different genes. 
B) identical genes but different chromosomes. 
C) the same combination of traits but different genes. 
D) a similar but not identical combination of genes.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell division can reproduce an entire organism. 
B) Cell division is necessary for development to occur. 
C) Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction. 
D) Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes. 
A) Cell division can reproduce an entire organism. 
B) Cell division is necessary for development to occur. 
C) Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction. 
D) Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes.

Question 16

Sister chromatids are

Accepted Answer

A) found right after a cell divides. 
B) joined together at a centromere. 
C) made only of DNA. 
D) unique to prokaryotes. 
A) found right after a cell divides. 
B) joined together at a centromere. 
C) made only of DNA. 
D) unique to prokaryotes.

Question 17

You are observing a single cell under a microscope. You go home for the night, and the next day you see four cells. The four cells look similar, and when you stain them with a dye that binds to DNA they all appear to contain the same amount of DNA. What likely happened overnight?

Accepted Answer

A) The single cell divided once to form four new cells via asexual reproduction. 
B) The single cell divided once to form four new cells via sexual reproduction. 
C) The single cell divided to form two new cells, and the two new cells each divided to form four total cells, all by asexual reproduction. 
D) The single cell divided to form two new cells, and the two new cells each divided to form four total cells, all by sexual reproduction. 
A) The single cell divided once to form four new cells via asexual reproduction. 
B) The single cell divided once to form four new cells via sexual reproduction. 
C) The single cell divided to form two new cells, and the two new cells each divided to form four total cells, all by asexual reproduction. 
D) The single cell divided to form two new cells, and the two new cells each divided to form four total cells, all by sexual reproduction.

Question 18

You have two flasks (labeled A and B )that each contain an equal population of normal animal cells. You place flask A in a machine called a shaking incubator, which shakes the flask at 37°C and keeps the cells moving so as to not allow them to adhere to the bottom of the flask. Flask B is allowed to sit in an incubator (without shaking)at 37°C. If you let the cells in each flask grow for a week, which of the following results are you most likely to observe?

Accepted Answer

A) The cells in flask A will have grown significantly, but the cells in flask B will have not grown at all. 
B) The cells in both flasks A and B will have grown significantly. 
C) The cells in both flasks A and B will have not grown at all. 
D) The cells in flask B will have grown significantly, but the cells in flask A will have not grown at all. 
A) The cells in flask A will have grown significantly, but the cells in flask B will have not grown at all. 
B) The cells in both flasks A and B will have grown significantly. 
C) The cells in both flasks A and B will have not grown at all. 
D) The cells in flask B will have grown significantly, but the cells in flask A will have not grown at all.

Question 19

A karyotype is most like

Accepted Answer

A) a map showing the hidden location of buried treasure. 
B) a movie showing the stages of the reproductive cycle of a beetle. 
C) photographs of every couple at a high school prom. 
D) the answer key to a multiple-choice exam. 
A) a map showing the hidden location of buried treasure. 
B) a movie showing the stages of the reproductive cycle of a beetle. 
C) photographs of every couple at a high school prom. 
D) the answer key to a multiple-choice exam.

Question 20

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?

Accepted Answer

A) prophase 
B) metaphase 
C) anaphase 
D) telophase 
A) prophase 
B) metaphase 
C) anaphase 
D) telophase

Exam 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis is false?

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of

Cancer is not usually inherited because

Which of the following statements regarding the cell cycle control system is false?

Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is false?

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I and random fertilization are most like

You and your lab partner are observing a cell under a microscope, but you do not know whether it is a eukaryote or a prokaryote. Which of the following observations regarding the chromosomes would you use to immediately conclude that the cell is a eukaryote?

Which of the following variations of the sentence "Where is the cat?" is most like a chromosomal deletion?

A cell that has a cell wall is undergoing cell division, and the following events are observed: the formation of a cell plate and the division of the cell into two daughter cells. What type of cell is being observed and what process(es)is it going through?

Oncologists (medical doctors who treat cancer patients)routinely take biopsies (samples)of tissue from patients to determine whether the tissue is cancerous or not. What would be the best experiment to do to determine whether cells from the tissue sample are cancerous?

Which of the following features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

You are a medical student and are reviewing a case study about a past patient. The patient was 4 feet 8 inches tall at age 38, was unable to have children, and had an above-average intelligence. The patient also had an irregular number of chromosomes. What diagnosis would you give the patient?

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

Sister chromatids are

You are observing a single cell under a microscope. You go home for the night, and the next day you see four cells. The four cells look similar, and when you stain them with a dye that binds to DNA they all appear to contain the same amount of DNA. What likely happened overnight?

A karyotype is most like

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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