Question 1

The sugar "sink" in roots is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells. 
B) absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells. 
C) active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells. 
D) the pull of gravity on sugar molecules. 
A) active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells. 
B) absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells. 
C) active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells. 
D) the pull of gravity on sugar molecules. C

Question 2

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil.
  
-What likely caused the loss of metals in the control soil?

Accepted Answer

A) being washed away by water draining through the soil 
B) evaporation of the metal molecules into the air 
C) absorption of the metal molecules by clay particles 
D) buildup of humus 
A) being washed away by water draining through the soil 
B) evaporation of the metal molecules into the air 
C) absorption of the metal molecules by clay particles 
D) buildup of humus A

Question 3

A hot, dry summer will reduce crop yields in part because

Accepted Answer

A) the stomata of the plants stay open to help cool the leaves. 
B) carbon dioxide uptake is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss. 
C) oxygen uptake is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss. 
D) carbon dioxide release is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss. 
A) the stomata of the plants stay open to help cool the leaves. 
B) carbon dioxide uptake is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss. 
C) oxygen uptake is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss. 
D) carbon dioxide release is reduced by the stomata closing to prevent excessive water loss. B

Question 4

In the water relations of vascular plants, the cohesive property of water is most important in the

Accepted Answer

A) epidermis. 
B) xylem. 
C) internal air spaces. 
D) stomata. 
A) epidermis. 
B) xylem. 
C) internal air spaces. 
D) stomata.

Question 5

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Over the next several decades, world population growth will necessitate as much as a 60% increase in food production, primarily in developing countries. These countries are often the most seriously affected by drought and salinity. Even if irrigation water is available, flooding fields with irrigation water leads to the gradual accumulation of sodium ions and other salts in the soil.
To respond to this growing problem, scientists at the University of Connecticut have genetically engineered a plant that can survive in salty soil and withstand extended drought conditions. The new transgenic plant contains a gene for an ion pump. Salt ions are transported from the soil and stored in vacuoles in the cytoplasm. The enhanced uptake of ions into their vacuoles in turn improves water retention in the transgenic plants and their resistance to drought. The concentration of solutes inside and outside plant cells affects the direction of water movement through osmosis.
The researchers found that the salt concentration in the cells of the new transgenic plants was significantly higher than in wild plants used as a control. In addition, the transgenic plants survived longer when deprived of water.
-The experimental plants were more drought resistant because

Accepted Answer

A) their vacuoles pumped water directly into the cytoplasm. 
B) salt stored in their vacuoles enabled the cytoplasm to retain water better. 
C) salt stored in their vacuoles was equal in amount to the salt in the soil. 
D) water was stored in their vacuoles until the next rainfall. 
A) their vacuoles pumped water directly into the cytoplasm. 
B) salt stored in their vacuoles enabled the cytoplasm to retain water better. 
C) salt stored in their vacuoles was equal in amount to the salt in the soil. 
D) water was stored in their vacuoles until the next rainfall.

Question 6

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Over the next several decades, world population growth will necessitate as much as a 60% increase in food production, primarily in developing countries. These countries are often the most seriously affected by drought and salinity. Even if irrigation water is available, flooding fields with irrigation water leads to the gradual accumulation of sodium ions and other salts in the soil.
To respond to this growing problem, scientists at the University of Connecticut have genetically engineered a plant that can survive in salty soil and withstand extended drought conditions. The new transgenic plant contains a gene for an ion pump. Salt ions are transported from the soil and stored in vacuoles in the cytoplasm. The enhanced uptake of ions into their vacuoles in turn improves water retention in the transgenic plants and their resistance to drought. The concentration of solutes inside and outside plant cells affects the direction of water movement through osmosis.
The researchers found that the salt concentration in the cells of the new transgenic plants was significantly higher than in wild plants used as a control. In addition, the transgenic plants survived longer when deprived of water.
-Planting these transgenic crops periodically would be beneficial to the environment because

Accepted Answer

A) the plants would help clean accumulated salts deposited in the soil by irrigation. 
B) the transgenic plants would fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility. 
C) the plants would remove carbon dioxide and decrease global warming. 
D) the plants would resist diseases and decrease herbicide use. 
A) the plants would help clean accumulated salts deposited in the soil by irrigation. 
B) the transgenic plants would fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility. 
C) the plants would remove carbon dioxide and decrease global warming. 
D) the plants would resist diseases and decrease herbicide use.

Question 7

What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association?

Accepted Answer

A) contributes to photosynthesis 
B) absorption of water, phosphate, and other minerals 
C) secretion of growth factors 
D) release of water 
A) contributes to photosynthesis 
B) absorption of water, phosphate, and other minerals 
C) secretion of growth factors 
D) release of water

Question 8

How do mineral ions get into the xylem cells of a plant root by way of the intracellular route?

Accepted Answer

A) They percolate between root cells to the xylem and then enter a xylem vessel. 
B) They are actively taken in to the xylem of root hairs. 
C) They are taken up by root hair cells and transferred from cell to cell via plasmodesmata. 
D) They move in solution through cell walls of the endodermis. 
A) They percolate between root cells to the xylem and then enter a xylem vessel. 
B) They are actively taken in to the xylem of root hairs. 
C) They are taken up by root hair cells and transferred from cell to cell via plasmodesmata. 
D) They move in solution through cell walls of the endodermis.

Question 9

A fertilizer with which of the following nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium ratios would most likely solve the problem of yellowed leaves and stunted growth?

Accepted Answer

A) 20:0:0 
B) 0:20:0 
C) 0:0:20 
D) 0:20:20 
A) 20:0:0 
B) 0:20:0 
C) 0:0:20 
D) 0:20:20

Question 10

-According to this figure, which of the following can directly use atmospheric N₂

Accepted Answer

A) plant roots 
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria 
C) ammonifying bacteria 
D) nitrifying bacteria 
A) plant roots 
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria 
C) ammonifying bacteria 
D) nitrifying bacteria

Question 11

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil.
  
-Which of the following is a question you should ask Acme about conclusions to be drawn from these data?

Accepted Answer

A) What unit of measurement was used to determine how much metal was in the soil? 
B) What species of plants did you use for your remediation? 
C) Since even the control plots lost metals, do I really need to remediate? 
D) Since lead (Pb)is not a micronutrient for plants, how do the plants remove it? 
A) What unit of measurement was used to determine how much metal was in the soil? 
B) What species of plants did you use for your remediation? 
C) Since even the control plots lost metals, do I really need to remediate? 
D) Since lead (Pb)is not a micronutrient for plants, how do the plants remove it?

Question 12

Which of the following are important in breaking down organic material in fertile topsoil?

Accepted Answer

A) abrasive granite particles 
B) humus and cations 
C) bacteria and fungi 
D) plant roots 
A) abrasive granite particles 
B) humus and cations 
C) bacteria and fungi 
D) plant roots

Question 13

On a trip to the Southwest, you and a friend collect some seeds from a piñon, which is a type of pine tree. Your friend also gathers a small bagful of soil from under the piñon tree. Back home, both of you plant your seeds in commercial sterilized potting soil, but your friend adds a spoonful of the collected dirt to each of her pots. Her seedlings do better than yours. Which of the following is the likeliest explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) Pine seedlings are better adapted to the sandy soil of the Southwest than to commercial potting mix. 
B) The soil from the Southwest probably contained macronutrients missing from the potting mix. 
C) The soil from the Southwest probably contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonized the seedlings' root nodules. 
D) The soil from the Southwest probably contained fungi able to establish a mycorrhizal association with the seedlings' roots. 
A) Pine seedlings are better adapted to the sandy soil of the Southwest than to commercial potting mix. 
B) The soil from the Southwest probably contained macronutrients missing from the potting mix. 
C) The soil from the Southwest probably contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonized the seedlings' root nodules. 
D) The soil from the Southwest probably contained fungi able to establish a mycorrhizal association with the seedlings' roots.

Question 14

If you examine the soil profile revealed by a fresh road cut through a grassy rise, which of the following features will you probably find in the B horizon?

Accepted Answer

A) an abundance of worms and burrowing insects 
B) an abundance of decomposing organic material 
C) an abundance of fine clay but not much organic material 
D) a predominance of slightly weathered rock and gravel 
A) an abundance of worms and burrowing insects 
B) an abundance of decomposing organic material 
C) an abundance of fine clay but not much organic material 
D) a predominance of slightly weathered rock and gravel

Question 15

-Under what circumstances would guard cells look like those in the right panel?

Accepted Answer

A) a cool rainy day 
B) a hot humid day 
C) at elevated levels of CO₂ 
D) a hot dry day 
A) a cool rainy day 
B) a hot humid day 
C) at elevated levels of CO₂ 
D) a hot dry day

Question 16

Which of the following conditions would be most likely to cause stomata to open?

Accepted Answer

A) water molecules entering the stomatal pore 
B) hot, dry weather and strong winds 
C) sunrise on a clear morning 
D) a cool night setting in 
A) water molecules entering the stomatal pore 
B) hot, dry weather and strong winds 
C) sunrise on a clear morning 
D) a cool night setting in

Question 17

Which of the following essential macronutrients for plants is obtained directly from the air?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen 
B) magnesium 
C) hydrogen 
D) carbon 
A) nitrogen 
B) magnesium 
C) hydrogen 
D) carbon

Question 18

"Smart" plants can reduce overuse of fertilizers by

Accepted Answer

A) using photosynthesis and fungal relationships to generate their own fertilizer. 
B) informing the grower of a nutrient deficiency before damage occurs. 
C) slowing the process of minerals washing out of the soils. 
D) binding specifically to certain fertilizers before they are needed and storing them in their root systems. 
A) using photosynthesis and fungal relationships to generate their own fertilizer. 
B) informing the grower of a nutrient deficiency before damage occurs. 
C) slowing the process of minerals washing out of the soils. 
D) binding specifically to certain fertilizers before they are needed and storing them in their root systems.

Question 19

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil.
  
-According to the data, this remediation plan is most effective with which element?

Accepted Answer

A) cadmium (Cd) 
B) copper (Cu) 
C) lead (Pb) 
D) zinc (Zn) 
A) cadmium (Cd) 
B) copper (Cu) 
C) lead (Pb) 
D) zinc (Zn)

Question 20

What are the macronutrients present in most commercial fertilizers?

Accepted Answer

A) C, H, and N 
B) N, P, and K 
C) C, N, and P 
D) N, C, and K 
A) C, H, and N 
B) N, P, and K 
C) C, N, and P 
D) N, C, and K

Exam 32: Plant Nutrition and Transport

The sugar "sink" in roots is the result of

A hot, dry summer will reduce crop yields in part because

In the water relations of vascular plants, the cohesive property of water is most important in the

What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association?

How do mineral ions get into the xylem cells of a plant root by way of the intracellular route?

A fertilizer with which of the following nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium ratios would most likely solve the problem of yellowed leaves and stunted growth?

-According to this figure, which of the following can directly use atmospheric N₂

Which of the following are important in breaking down organic material in fertile topsoil?

If you examine the soil profile revealed by a fresh road cut through a grassy rise, which of the following features will you probably find in the B horizon?

-Under what circumstances would guard cells look like those in the right panel?

Which of the following conditions would be most likely to cause stomata to open?

Which of the following essential macronutrients for plants is obtained directly from the air?

"Smart" plants can reduce overuse of fertilizers by

What are the macronutrients present in most commercial fertilizers?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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