Exam 17: The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

A comet orchid has creamy white-colored flowers and a characteristic "tail" that contains the flower's nectar. This orchid does not emit a scent during daylight hours but is aromatic at night. The comet orchid is most likely pollinated by

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. Crop plants can have higher densities of stomata on the underside of their leaves than on the surfaces of their leaves. Some scientists hypothesize that that the evolution of this adaptation enhanced the ability of these plants to regulate the rate of CO₂ uptake for each surface. -You designed and performed an experiment that measured CO₂ gas exchange levels at the upper side of a sunflower leaf (fewer stomata)and the bottom side of a sunflower leaf (greater stomata). After collecting and analyzing your data, you conclude that there was not a significant difference in CO₂ gas exchange between the two sides of the leaf. Which of the following possibly explains this finding?

In plants, the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called

Many flower traits are specifically attractive to a certain type of pollinator. For example, the scent of rotting flesh is attractive to certain flies and beetles but not to most other pollinators. What adaptive purpose is served by this kind of "niche marketing" of flowers to specific pollinators?

Which of the following statements is true?

In a moss, most of the plants that we see are ________, and in a fern, the most dominant stage is the ________.

Suppose you take two young cuttings of a house plant. You cut the roots off of one cutting and then place both cuttings in a jar of red dye. After 20 minutes, the roots, stem, and leaves of the cutting with roots have turned pink. The cutting without roots has not changed color at all. Why has the cutting without roots remained a normal, green color?

Gangrene, hallucinations, temporary insanity, and even death can result when humans consume grain infested with

The ________ represents the sporophyte generation of a conifer, and the ________ produces gametophytes.

What kind of entity is a lichen?

Which of the following occurs in the sexual reproduction phase of the fungus life cycle?

Some of the unique adaptations of angiosperms include their beneficial relationships with ________ and their relatively ________.

The majority of plant species today are

Fungi contact and absorb food through the ________, a branching network of ________.

Which of the following structures is an essential part of most fungal reproductive systems?

In plants, the vascular tissue that consists of living cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant is called

Which part of this figure represents the anther?

Which of the following organisms has a dominant sporophyte generation and a free-living gametophyte generation?

Which of the following characteristics tends to limit bryophytes and seedless vascular plants to habitats that are relatively moist?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Scientists believe that a shift from pollination by insects to pollination by birds occurred several times over the course of angiosperm evolution. Two researchers designed an experiment to investigate how these shifts might evolve using two species of monkey flower (Mimulus spp.). M. lewisii has violet-pink flowers and is pollinated by bumblebees. M. cardinalis has orange-red flowers and is pollinated by hummingbirds. The researchers switched flower-color genes between the two species. As a result of the gene transfer, they produced a variation of M. cardinalis with dark pink flowers (instead of the original orange-red) and a variation of M. lewisiis with orange flowers (instead of the original violet-pink). Plants of both genetically altered varieties were placed in their original habitats and observed. The genetically altered variety of M. cardinalis was visited by bumblebees 74 times more often than plants with the original color flowers. The genetically altered variety of M. lewisii was visited by hummingbirds 68 times more often than plants with the original color flowers. -Based on the results of this study, you can conclude that