Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy an animal needs just to stay alive; it does not include the energy needed for activities. 
B) Cells usually use carbohydrates and fats as fuel sources. 
C) Humans store some extra energy in the form of glycogen reserves in the pancreas and spleen. 
D) The average basal metabolic rate is 1300-1500 kcal per day for females and 1600-1800 kcal per day for males. 
A) The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy an animal needs just to stay alive; it does not include the energy needed for activities. 
B) Cells usually use carbohydrates and fats as fuel sources. 
C) Humans store some extra energy in the form of glycogen reserves in the pancreas and spleen. 
D) The average basal metabolic rate is 1300-1500 kcal per day for females and 1600-1800 kcal per day for males. C

Question 2

The mucus-producing cells that line the stomach

Accepted Answer

A) increase the surface of the stomach for faster digestion. 
B) stimulate production of hydrochloric acid. 
C) lubricate and protect the stomach lining. 
D) move food upward in the stomach to prolong digestion. 
A) increase the surface of the stomach for faster digestion. 
B) stimulate production of hydrochloric acid. 
C) lubricate and protect the stomach lining. 
D) move food upward in the stomach to prolong digestion. C

Question 3

Which of the following is important in the digestion of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) pepsin 
B) amylase 
C) bile salts 
D) trypsin 
A) pepsin 
B) amylase 
C) bile salts 
D) trypsin C

Question 4

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A) to produce digestive enzymes and bile salts 
B) to produce digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution 
C) to produce bicarbonate-containing mucus 
D) to aid in the control of cholesterol 
A) to produce digestive enzymes and bile salts 
B) to produce digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution 
C) to produce bicarbonate-containing mucus 
D) to aid in the control of cholesterol

Question 5

Enzymes are required to help digest the four large macromolecules found in the foods we eat. Which of the following is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest these macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A) Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylase to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by maltase to form monosaccharides. 
B) Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by nucleases to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by lipase to form monosaccharides. 
C) Polypeptides are hydrolyzed by trypsin to small polypeptides, which are then hydrolyzed by peptidases to form amino acids. 
D) Fat globules are hydrolyzed by bile salt fat droplets, which are then hydrolyzed by lipase to form fatty acids and glycerol. 
A) Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylase to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by maltase to form monosaccharides. 
B) Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by nucleases to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by lipase to form monosaccharides. 
C) Polypeptides are hydrolyzed by trypsin to small polypeptides, which are then hydrolyzed by peptidases to form amino acids. 
D) Fat globules are hydrolyzed by bile salt fat droplets, which are then hydrolyzed by lipase to form fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 6

The Heimlich maneuver is performed to forcibly

Accepted Answer

A) elevate the diaphragm. 
B) depress the diaphragm. 
C) squeeze the ribs. 
D) compress the intestines. 
A) elevate the diaphragm. 
B) depress the diaphragm. 
C) squeeze the ribs. 
D) compress the intestines.

Question 7

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label above for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
-According to the Krispy Kracker label, which of the following contains the highest percentage of nutrients needed for human diets?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) iron 
C) sodium 
D) cholesterol 
A) calcium 
B) iron 
C) sodium 
D) cholesterol

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?

Accepted Answer

A) chicken pox 
B) multiple sclerosis 
C) cardiovascular disease 
D) rheumatoid arthritis 
A) chicken pox 
B) multiple sclerosis 
C) cardiovascular disease 
D) rheumatoid arthritis

Question 9

All animals must obtain ________ from outside sources.

Accepted Answer

A) preformed ATP 
B) fuel to power body activities 
C) enzymes 
D) chyme 
A) preformed ATP 
B) fuel to power body activities 
C) enzymes 
D) chyme

Question 10

Heartburn is usually caused by the

Accepted Answer

A) secretion of acid by the lining of the lower esophagus. 
B) reflux of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus. 
C) retention of food at the bottom of the esophagus by a sphincter that is reluctant to open. 
D) irritation of the lower esophagus by substances in spicy food. 
A) secretion of acid by the lining of the lower esophagus. 
B) reflux of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus. 
C) retention of food at the bottom of the esophagus by a sphincter that is reluctant to open. 
D) irritation of the lower esophagus by substances in spicy food.

Question 11

Interestingly, most herbivorous animals do not have the ability to digest the cellulose in plants. However, in the absence of this ability, a mechanism has evolved that allows them to survive despite eating only plant matter, namely,

Accepted Answer

A) production of saliva containing amylase. 
B) digestion by symbiotic microorganisms. 
C) avoidance of plants containing cellulose. 
D) converting cellulose to other carbohydrates. 
A) production of saliva containing amylase. 
B) digestion by symbiotic microorganisms. 
C) avoidance of plants containing cellulose. 
D) converting cellulose to other carbohydrates.

Question 12

What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme secreted by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A) bile salts 
B) lipase 
C) pepsin 
D) amylase 
A) bile salts 
B) lipase 
C) pepsin 
D) amylase

Question 13

Essential fatty acids, which are required in the human diet, are

Accepted Answer

A) those fatty acids that humans are unable to synthesize. 
B) the fatty acids that humans can synthesize from simpler molecules. 
C) the fatty acids used in the construction of the phospholipids of cell membranes. 
D) stored in the gallbladder. 
A) those fatty acids that humans are unable to synthesize. 
B) the fatty acids that humans can synthesize from simpler molecules. 
C) the fatty acids used in the construction of the phospholipids of cell membranes. 
D) stored in the gallbladder.

Question 14

Which of the following mechanisms helps keep the stomach lining in place despite the destructive force of gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

A) digestion of protein by pepsin 
B) secretion of acid-neutralizing compounds 
C) generation through mitosis of new cells to replace the stomach lining 
D) protection of the cells of the stomach-lining by parietal cells 
A) digestion of protein by pepsin 
B) secretion of acid-neutralizing compounds 
C) generation through mitosis of new cells to replace the stomach lining 
D) protection of the cells of the stomach-lining by parietal cells

Question 15

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label above for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
-In weighing the benefits of eating one serving of this item, you conclude that

Accepted Answer

A) it contributes to the recommended amount of dietary fiber. 
B) it contributes to the recommended amount of iron. 
C) it contributes to the recommended amount of calcium. 
D) it contributes to the recommended amount of vitamin C. 
A) it contributes to the recommended amount of dietary fiber. 
B) it contributes to the recommended amount of iron. 
C) it contributes to the recommended amount of calcium. 
D) it contributes to the recommended amount of vitamin C.

Question 16

Why would a person not get vitamin A from a salad filled with leafy green vegetables unless the salad also has nuts, cheese, or meat?

Accepted Answer

A) because vitamin A is fat-soluble 
B) because vitamin A is only found in meat 
C) because vitamin A is water-soluble 
D) because vitamin A is needed to maintain osmotic balance of human cells 
A) because vitamin A is fat-soluble 
B) because vitamin A is only found in meat 
C) because vitamin A is water-soluble 
D) because vitamin A is needed to maintain osmotic balance of human cells

Question 17

Through digestion, nucleic acids are broken down into

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) glycerols. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) amino acids. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) glycerols. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) amino acids.

Question 18

The main function of the hindgut in the grasshopper is to

Accepted Answer

A) reabsorb water and compact wastes. 
B) digest food. 
C) absorb nutrients. 
D) absorb vitamins and pulverize food. 
A) reabsorb water and compact wastes. 
B) digest food. 
C) absorb nutrients. 
D) absorb vitamins and pulverize food.

Question 19

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database, 2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the data table below and answer the questions that follow.
  
-Africa and the Latin America and Caribbean regions show a similar overall drop in estimated prevalence (%)of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015: 5.9% and 4.8%, respectively. In the year 2011, the population of Africa was close to 1 billion, while the population of the Latin America and Caribbean regions was closer to 500 million. Based on this population data, which of these two regions' drop in percentage is more dramatic, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Africa, because it has more a higher number of sub-regions 
B) Since the two drop averages are so similar over the same time period, they are equally significant. 
C) Africa, because it started at a much higher % rate than the Latin America and Caribbean regions 
D) Africa, because approximately two times as many individuals were removed from the malnourished designation 
A) Africa, because it has more a higher number of sub-regions 
B) Since the two drop averages are so similar over the same time period, they are equally significant. 
C) Africa, because it started at a much higher % rate than the Latin America and Caribbean regions 
D) Africa, because approximately two times as many individuals were removed from the malnourished designation

Question 20

The function of the sphincter between the stomach and small intestine is to

Accepted Answer

A) retain chyme in the stomach until pepsin digestion is complete. 
B) periodically release chyme into the small intestine in squirts. 
C) release bile into the duodenum when chyme is present. 
D) release pancreatic secretions into the duodenum when chyme is present. 
A) retain chyme in the stomach until pepsin digestion is complete. 
B) periodically release chyme into the small intestine in squirts. 
C) release bile into the duodenum when chyme is present. 
D) release pancreatic secretions into the duodenum when chyme is present.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is false?

The mucus-producing cells that line the stomach

Which of the following is important in the digestion of lipids?

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Enzymes are required to help digest the four large macromolecules found in the foods we eat. Which of the following is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest these macromolecules?

The Heimlich maneuver is performed to forcibly

Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?

All animals must obtain ________ from outside sources.

Heartburn is usually caused by the

Interestingly, most herbivorous animals do not have the ability to digest the cellulose in plants. However, in the absence of this ability, a mechanism has evolved that allows them to survive despite eating only plant matter, namely,

What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme secreted by salivary glands?

Essential fatty acids, which are required in the human diet, are

Which of the following mechanisms helps keep the stomach lining in place despite the destructive force of gastric juice?

Why would a person not get vitamin A from a salad filled with leafy green vegetables unless the salad also has nuts, cheese, or meat?

Through digestion, nucleic acids are broken down into

The main function of the hindgut in the grasshopper is to

The function of the sphincter between the stomach and small intestine is to

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The Chemical Basis of Life

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Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

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the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

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