Exam 11: Development of the Self-Concept

In Weiner's attribution theory, we value highly our positive achievements when we attribute them to

Racial prejudice typically shows a DECLINE at the age of about

In their research on self-conceptions during middle childhood, Susan Harter and Ann Monsour found that young adolescents

Rebecca Eder evaluated the extent to which preschool aged children characterized themselves using psychological dimensions. Her work revealed that

Robert White asserted that people of all ages are motivated intrinsically to

Interpersonal relationships (e.g., popularity with friends) contribute most heavily to self-esteem during

Identify and discuss three home influences that can have a strong impact on a child's mastery/achievement motivation and also on his or her actual achievement behavior.

If the self develops through social interactions, then it may reasonably be inferred that the newborn child

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change during middle childhood and adolescence.

For achievement, MASTERY ORIENTED is to LEARNED HELPLESSNESS as ____ is to ____.

Sadie is terrible at sports, but sports aren't very important to her. Mariah is excellent at music, and music is quite important to her. Zach is very good at building with Lego, but he does not think this is a very important skill. Who will have the highest self-esteem?

Nelson and Aboud asserted that the type of peer influence that contributes strongly to role-taking skills is

Situational inconsistencies in qualities of one's self become noticeable during the ____ age level.

Leo, age four, builds projects with Lego blocks. He now compares his Lego projects with elaborate models that are pictured in Lego handbooks. Leo is now in the ____ phase of mastery motivation.

Which quality is especially valued in individualistic cultures?

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation.

Suppose that you are a third-grade teacher with a class of eight- and nine-year-olds. One of the goals set by your school district is to improve children's role-taking skills. Explain why such a goal might have been made a part of the "directive" to teachers. Then, describe two ways you might go about fostering improvement in role-taking.

Grading on the child's effort (rather than on quality of achievement) in early schooling encourages children to think in terms of the

Parents who apply the ____ parenting style have children with high self-esteem.

Peers are an important source of ______ influence on academic achievement of grade-school children and adolescents.