Exam 1: The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Only 61 of the 64 codons specify an amino acid.What do the other three codons encode?

Which concept describes the idea that the most closely related molecular sequences are those with the smallest number of differences between them?

Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr drew on ideas from Darwin,Fisher,Wright,Haldane,and others to demonstrate how evolution operates in real populations.These observations lead to which evolutionary genetics theory?

In eukaryotes,most of the cells' DNA is found in the form of chromosomes in the nucleus.Which organelles contain their own genomes (descended from ancient endosymbiotic bacteria)?

In double-stranded DNA,the percentages of adenine and thymine are approximately equal to each other,as are the percentages of cytosine and guanine.This relationship is better known as what (named for the person who made this discovery)?

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids,meaning that the genetic code is ________.

Organisms are constantly evolving and phylogenetic relationships can be reevaluated.Refer to the phylogenetic tree to answer the following questions. -What feature distinguishes snakes and mammals from frogs and salamanders?

The work of Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri suggested that the hereditary units,or genes,described by Mendel are located on ________.

With the assistance of William Bateson,Archibald Garrod produced the first documented example of a human hereditary disorder.Which disorder were they describing?

What are the three principal components of a DNA nucleotide?

Which evolutionary process relies on the premise that individuals with the best adaptations are most successful at reproducing and leave more offspring than those with less adaptive forms?

The promoter is bound by the transcription factors and which enzyme?

The physical units of heredity composed of defined DNA sequences that collectively control gene transcription and contain the information to produce RNA molecules or proteins are better known as what?

DNA strands can be pulled apart by adding heat and "melting" the double-stranded DNA.The temperature required to melt a region of DNA changes based on the base-pair composition.Based on the structure of the A-T and C-G bonds in Figure 1.11,which bonds would require more energy (heat)to break them? How might this help you predict which regions of the DNA helix may be the most stable and harder to break apart? (This can be used to predict regions that are not transcribed as often,as you'll see in later chapters.)

Bacteria are single-celled organisms with a single chromosome found in which cell space?

In retroviruses,DNA is synthesized from an RNA template using which enzyme?

Which type(s)of RNA is/are translated into proteins?

After replication,chromosomes consist of how many molecules of DNA (assuming one chromatid is equal to one molecule of DNA)?

You identify a new unicellular organism with multiple chromosomes organized by proteins within the cell's nucleus.Into which of the three domains of life might this organism fit?

The ________,first proposed by Francis Crick,summarizes the relationships between DNA,RNA,and protein.