Exam 11: Chromosome Structure

________ are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are not part of the bacterial genome.

The ability of DNA-binding proteins to initiate transcription can be hindered by the presence of ________ on the promoter regions of the DNA.

What is the diameter of a nucleosome?

If heterochromatin spreading does not reach the new location of the w⁺ gene,and it remains in the euchromatic region,the gene produces what phenotype?

The total amount of hereditary information in an entire set of chromosomes is collectively referred to as an organism's ________.

Typically,methylation of nucleosome N-terminal tails leads to

Nonhistone proteins make up the protein framework that gives the chromosomes their shape.What is this structure called?

What is the purpose of DNA supercoiling?

Which proteins participate in DNA bending and contribute to folding and condensation of the chromosome?

Quinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that specifically target topoisomerase.Explain how this contributes to cell death in bacteria.Would you expect these drugs to kill hyperthermophilic prokaryotes too? Why or why not?

You have identified a chromosome that has both p and q arms,but notice that the p arms are composed of highly repetitive DNA.What type of chromosome is this?

What type of chromosome structure is commonly found in hyperthermophiles?

What are the common types of epigenetic modifications? Describe how epigenetic modifications can assist in predicting whether a gene is active or inactive in a cell.

You have isolated DNA for PCR and accidentally added topoisomerase instead of polymerase to your sample.What would you expect if you ran this DNA sample on a gel?

If heterochromatic spreading encompasses the new location of the w⁺ gene,what is the phenotype of the cells?

Each nucleus in a human somatic cell contains ________ chromosomes.

You are trying to take a biopsy and prepare a karyotype from an ovary cell,but you accidentally selected an ovum instead.How many pairs of chromosomes are found in the karyotype of a typical human ovum?

Where are bacterial chromosomes located within the cell?

Which histone protein is not part of the nucleosome structure?

To preserve epigenetic memory in the daughter cells,the cell retains these "old" proteins during DNA replication.